How can we make , our sculpture of face by help of computer .?

3d scanner head image

Heights!

kindly tell step by step .
Sir but not like this ..

If you stick your head in a bucket of cement that should work.

Answer
How you get your face into the computer is either you model it (lot of work) or you have access to a 3D laser scanner. That is fairly easy, can however still be time consuming if you want to put a number of scans together. If there is a university where you live, check out their engineering or art department if they have one. If not forget about it, unless you happen to be really rich, it's going to be more expensive than a new car.

Before you start see that you know you have access to some way to print it or get it milled. Make sure you know the requirement for the mesh and make sure you have access to the appropriate programs which generate the correct mesh.

Unless you have access to everything (e.g. you are at university and it has the equipment) it will be faster and easier and cheaper if you do body casting and make a mold of your face. How to do this has been explained in this forum many times, there are websites and books, so you should have no problems finding it out if you are serious about it.

What do you think of Richard Linklater as a director?

Donny

Dazed and Confused is probably my third favorite comedy film of all time, but I have barely seen any of Linklater's other stuff besides The School of Rock and Bad News Bears

http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000500/#Director

it looks like him and Ethan Hawke have collaborated a lot too. so which of his movies movies have you seen and would recommend, and also rate and rank his films

Answer
He's one of contemporary American cinema's more interesting voices.

Linklater is, of course, very associated with Austin, TX, similar to Robert Rodriguez. Both of whom exploded in popularity on the festival circuit around the same time, Linklater with Slacker and Rodriguez with El Mariachi, both microbudget films made by clearly skilled directors. It's interesting to compare their careers since... Rodriguez, while talented in certain respects, tends to live inside his own ass. Awful 3D movies based on his children's whims (see, or don't see: Sharkboy and Lavagirl, Shorts) are perhaps his nadir. Linklater is also indulgent, but in more interesting ways, and he always brings the audience into his obsessive dreams. Whether it's mainstream comedy (School of Rock), an animated head-trip (Waking Life, A Scanner Darkly), a period piece (Me and Orson Welles), etc., his films always feel distinctly Linklater-esque, yet are also always accessible. It's a neat trick, I think. His films also tend to convey big, even confrontational ideas in a low-key, appealing way, as if he's shouting a message without cinematically raising his voice. This is certainly true of the last five minutes of A Scanner Darkly.

His absolute best achievements, however, are Before Sunrise and Before Sunset. They're just...cinematic bliss, in my opinion. He, Ethan Hawke, and Julie Delpy created two indelible characters who feel very specific yet also completely universal. And he let these characters wander through beautiful European cities while having extended, free-flowing conversations about sex, life, art, politics, family, etc. It's almost mind-blowing how much depth he finds in such simple form. Before Sunrise is a perfect portrait of the romance and terror of being young, and Before Sunset is a gentle, yet incisive autopsy of middle-aged regret and the eternal question of whether it's ever too late. Just fucking fantastic movies, man. They feel so -alive-, and they sort of changed my life, at least as a writer and as a moviegoer.

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Are there ways to make sketched anime into real anime?

3d scanner open image

Tamere

I want to be able to post my drawings on the internet and marvel at it. Also do u guys kno how to make animated anime scenes (like the opening) that'd be awesome!! THX!!! By the way I'm 12 and dnt have a university
degree or whatev (obviously....)

Answer
A scanner will help you get your drawings onto the internet. Photobucket is a good place to post them. Deviantart requires you to be at least 13 to post, but once you're 13, that is another good place to post as well.
To actually do animation, you need special programs for that. I don't know any free programs off the top of my head, but there might be some if you take some time to look around. Just for still digital art, GIMP is a free program. If you wanted a program for still digital art that wasn't free but not outrageously expensive, I would recommend Adobe Photoshop Elements. It's a bit more intuitive to navigate and use than GIMP. 3D Studio Max is a program that can handle 3D animation, but it's very expensive. I know I've heard there is a free program that can do pretty much the same as 3D Studio Max, but I don't know what it is off the top of my head.

What software do I need to make cartoons?

Jimmy

I want to make animated cartoons, but am not sure what software I need. What software is best to draw the characters and backgrounds? Once I draw the characters do I then put them into Adobe Flash to make a cartoon?

Answer
You can use any of these FREE Cartoon Animation Softwares.........

Pencil : http://www.pencil-animation.org/
Pencil is an animation/drawing software for Mac OS X, Windows, and Linux. It lets you create traditional hand-drawn animation (cartoon) using both bitmap and vector graphics. Pencil is free and open source.

Synfig Animation Studio : http://synfig.org/
Synfig is a powerful, industrial-strength vector-based open-source 2D animation software package, designed from the ground-up for producing feature-film quality animation with fewer people and resources.2D Animation has traditionally been very expensive because every frame must be drawn by hand. Even with today´s digital inking and painting software, the process still relies on individuals hand-drawing each frame. This laborious task is called "tweening".Synfig eliminates the task of manual tweening, producing smooth, fluid motion without the animator having to draw out each frame individually. This allows you to produce 2D animation with fewer people while producing art of a higher quality.

Tapptoons Linetester : http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/tapptoons/index.htm
The Tapptoons Linetester enables animators to use a scanner or video camera (with compatible capture card) to input animation images into a standard PC and edit their work, adding soundtrack and color if they wish and to output the result as a Windows AVI. Can be used for puppet animation as well as drawn animation.

eDrawings : http://www.edrawingsviewer.com/
eDrawings is a freeware utility which will give the user the power to view, create and share 3D models and 2D drawings. eDrawings offers unique capabilities like point-and-click animations that make it easy for anyone with a PC to interpret and understand 2D and 3D design data.





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How are 2D cartoons animated today?

3d scanner body image

Captain Ca

I understand how 3D images are made, they generate models and send them through animations. However, how do they do 2D cartoons? I asume they don't draw each individual frame anymore. But, backgrounds that don't move do appear to be hand-drawn in some shows. How do 2D cartoons go through animations?

Answer
Depending on the budget, deadlines, technology, experience and preference that 2D animations are made one way or another.

Small budgeted shows, destined for the weekly TV slots are mostly done on Flash these days. Characters are created from simple shapes with movable body parts (mouths, hands etc.) are pasted onto individual layers and animated individually or in concert with the other parts.

The good thing about Flash is that you can position key drawings (important, story-telling character poses of say, a hand) out and the computer will fill in the in-between drawings (all the other drawings between the key drawings to smooth out the movements) automatically. So you can position the hand at one location (a key), and then program the computer to move it to another location (another key) and it will fill in all the in-between drawings by itself (timing is done by the animator). Computers are only good at moving objects around perfectly and stretching/squashing them according to preset rules so you are limited to certain expressions. Of course, complex scenes still need to be animated by hand, but to keep the cost and the time consumed down, animators don't get to do them frequently, if at all.

You can recognize these shows by the extremely smooth movements exhibited by the characters, as well as the bold and uniformed outlines and colors throughout. Backgrounds can be painted by hand, either digitally or on papers( and then scanned into the computer), or created from bodies of static shapes and colors.

Bigger, movie-length animated films use specialized softwares, either developed in-house, or bought commercially like the Toon Boom Animation program. These, however, are almost completely hand-drawn (characters-wise), since you can only create good character animation when you have a feel of the lines and forms of the characters, a thing that is quite difficult to program on a computer.

Some studios use papers and scanners, some use graphic tablets like the Wacoms to imput drawings into their computers. Some parts of a character can be animated while others are put on a different layer and remain static.

You can recognize these films by the slight jittery outlines of the character when he/she/it moves, since each line was drawn to match up with the previous drawings', though never perfectly so, no matter how hard the animators tried. The backgrounds are usually painted by hand (either digitally or manually on papers), or in 3D models that mimic a particular style or both.

Having said all that, yes, most animated shows are still drawn by hand. Some are done on papers and scanners, some are done on computers with Wacom tablets, some combine both in the production process. 2D animation is a craft, and unless computers can draw imaginatively, animators will still have their jobs, drawing them lovingly frame by frame. I hope that helped.

Could you see this machine within the next 75 years?

Qelery

A "Home Diagnosis Machine" that looks like a mini MRI machine in your home that you will use daily. First the machine takes a drop of your blood and saliva as a sample. Then you lay on the machine as it brings into the tube, just like an MRI machine. It scans you body for about 5 minutes, taking 3D images of your body and examining the blood. It would be able to tell you everything from your blood pressure, to cancerous tumors, to what vitamins you lack. Your results will be dispalyed on a touch screen. Everything that needs your attention will be shown to you. It will diagnose you and display what medication, vitamins, or medical attention you need. You select the medication you need to buy and the machine will send it to your local pharmacy.

Answer
Sure, why not? Except that it will probably not look like a MRI machine at all and won't need 75 years to come to market. Like almost any product, this hypothetical device would have to be user friendly as well as have user appeal. That means no big, bulky machines in the house/apartment. I would envision it as more of a solid state scanner that could be placed on the wall, ceiling, shower, door frame or even in your bed frame (basically anything you walk past). Depending on how many points of origin the scanner(s) has (or perhaps it uses some kind of depth sensitive radiation) it can then scan you in three dimensions while you are stationary. There are already consumer available 3D scanners that place objects on turntables and produce a 3D image. So there's the technological component.
I can also see such a device coming to homes due to society's increasing paranoia and obsession with personal health and hygiene (I think this borders on mass psychosis). Basically anything that promises to be of some benefit to personal health will be easily accepted by consumers even if there are other potential drawbacks.
Factors against the invention of such a device would likely have to be economic or political in nature since social acceptance and technology are already in place. Also, a newer and better method might also be discovered in that time.

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I want to get a scanner, and do not want to spend alot. Can you tel me a good one?

3d scanner cheap image

mspecangir

I will be scaning things that have text, photos and also 3d things. I am told to get a scanner with Text Bridge.

Answer
HP is a good cheap brand, but it holds up very good, although im not sure about scanning 3D objects, i have never tried that on mine. Good Luck

In what ways do robots help humans?

In what ways? do they make our jobs easier. and how do they help us

Answer
Contemporary uses
Main articles: Industrial robot and Domestic robot

Robots can be placed into roughly two classifications based on the type of job they do. The first category includes tasks which a robot can do better than a human. Here, robots can increase productivity, accuracy, and endurance. The second category consists of dirty, dangerous or dull jobs where it is desirable to replace human labor with robotics.


[edit] Increased productivity, accuracy, and endurance
A Pick and Place robot in a factory

Many factory jobs are now performed by robots. This has led to cheaper mass-produced goods, including automobiles and electronics. Stationary manipulators used in factories have become the largest market for robots. In 2006, there were an estimated 3,540,000 service robots in use, and an estimated 950,000 industrial robots. [35] A different estimate counted more than one million robots in operation worldwide in the first half of 2008, with roughly half in Asia, 32% in Europe, 16% in North America, 1% in Australasia and 1% in Africa.[36]

Some examples of factory robots:

* Car production: Over the last three decades automobile factories have become dominated by robots. A typical factory contains hundreds of industrial robots working on fully automated production lines, with one robot for every ten human workers. On an automated production line, a vehicle chassis on a conveyor is welded, glued, painted and finally assembled at a sequence of robot stations.
* Packaging: Industrial robots are also used extensively for palletizing and packaging of manufactured goods, for example for rapidly taking drink cartons from the end of a conveyor belt and placing them into boxes, or for loading and unloading machining centers.
* Electronics: Mass-produced printed circuit boards (PCBs) are almost exclusively manufactured by pick-and-place robots, typically with SCARA manipulators, which remove tiny electronic components from strips or trays, and place them on to PCBs with great accuracy.[37] Such robots can place hundreds of thousands of components per hour, far out-performing a human in speed, accuracy, and reliability.[38]

Automated guided vehicle carrying medical supplies and records

* Automated guided vehicles (AGVs): Mobile robots, following markers or wires in the floor, or using vision[39] or lasers, are used to transport goods around large facilities, such as warehouses, container ports, or hospitals.[40]

*
o Early AGV-Style Robots were limited to tasks that could be accurately defined and had to be performed the same way every time. Very little feedback or intelligence was required, and the robots needed only the most basic exteroceptors (sensors). The limitations of these AGVs are that their paths are not easily altered and they cannot alter their paths if obstacles block them. If one AGV breaks down, it may stop the entire operation.

*
o Interim AGV-Technologies developed that deploy triangulation from beacons or bar code grids for scanning on the floor or ceiling. In most factories, triangulation systems tend to require moderate to high maintenance, such as daily cleaning of all beacons or bar codes. Also, if a tall pallet or large vehicle blocks beacons or a bar code is marred, AGVs may become lost. Often such AGVs are designed to be used in human-free environments.

*
o Newer AGVs such as the Speci-Minder,[41] ADAM, [42] Tug[43] and PatrolBot Gofer[44] are designed for people-friendly workspaces. They navigate by recognizing natural features. 3D scanners or other means of sensing the environment in two or three dimensions help to eliminate cumulative errors in dead-reckoning calculations of the AGV's current position. Some AGVs can create maps of their environment using scanning lasers with simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) and use those maps to navigate in real time with other path planning and obstacle avoidance algorithms. They are able to operate in complex environments and perform non-repetitive and non-sequential tasks such as transporting photomasks in a semiconductor lab, specimens in hospitals and goods in warehouses. For dynamic areas, such as warehouses full of pallets, AGVs require additional strategies. Only a few vision-augmented systems currently claim to be able to navigate reliably in such environments.

[edit] Dirty, dangerous, dull or inaccessible tasks
A U.S. Marine Corps technician prepares to use a telerobot to detonate a buried improvised explosive device near Camp Fallujah, Iraq

There are many jobs which humans would rather leave to robots. The job may be boring, such as domestic cleaning, or dangerous, such as exploring inside a volcano.[45] Other jobs are physically inaccessible, such as exploring another planet,[46] cleaning the inside of a long pipe, or performing laparoscopic surgery.[47]

* Telerobots: When a human cannot be present on site to perform a job because

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Where can I buy a low cost 3d scanner?

3d scanner to cad image

Al

I need to scan in some parts to add to a CAD model. I'm really looking for something that's plug and play, where I drop the object into the scanner and it automatically puts it into a CAD packge. Any ideas?

Answer
What do you consider low cost? Good ones run around $10,000 (e.g., Roland) but you can find some for around $2,500 (e.g., Nextengine).

How to get out of a commission on deviantart?

Lyra

I accidentally got into a commission with someone on deviant art.
Now I'll be truthful with you: i am not a artist. I don't even have a scanner. The only reason I'm on that website is to find covers.
You may ask: why not tell the guy it was a mistake, and I hadn't meant to take the commission?
Well... he's suicidal.
Plus, the comish. involves bondage and BDSM, something I'm not exactly comfortable with.
Any help?

Answer
It is a matter of business law that when an offer is made, and someone has accepted the offer, the offerer is required to perform the offer.

In spite his being suicidal you must tell him it is a mistake and you lack the skills to perform the commission. If you have been paid anything you must return it asap.

Both you will be better off if you do this now rather than have him find out later you are unable to do it.

If you have an interest in making your own imagery for your covers there is free open source software for this. Photo-realistic 3D avatars can be made with software from:
http://www.makehuman.org/
The avatars can be put in 3D scenery and clothing made with:
http://www.blender.org/
This CAD software can also make objects in a more precise way which can be imported into Blender:
http://www.freecadweb.org/

Blender will have a steep learning curve, but it is well rewarding to learn it.

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can I use a flat bed scanner to photograph a 3D object?

3d scanner using camera image

ben

Im not looking to photograph anything large, just 2"-3" tall. When I scan an object, anything touching the glass comes out clear, but anything 1/2" or more off the glass comes out blurred and dark. Is there a particular scanner out there that is known to scan objects well? Or is there some special techniques I can try to enhance my images quality? Thank you

Answer
Nope, sorry. Flatbed scanners are only focused on the glass with that .5 you discovered. You can make some cool images by rolling the thing along the motion of the scanning sensor that may look pretty groovy, but you cannot take a photo.
I'd walk into the closest camera shop and ask to see a camera and bring a card in with you to take the image home.

What software do I need to make cartoons?

Jimmy

I want to make animated cartoons, but am not sure what software I need. What software is best to draw the characters and backgrounds? Once I draw the characters do I then put them into Adobe Flash to make a cartoon?

Answer
You can use any of these FREE Cartoon Animation Softwares.........

Pencil : http://www.pencil-animation.org/
Pencil is an animation/drawing software for Mac OS X, Windows, and Linux. It lets you create traditional hand-drawn animation (cartoon) using both bitmap and vector graphics. Pencil is free and open source.

Synfig Animation Studio : http://synfig.org/
Synfig is a powerful, industrial-strength vector-based open-source 2D animation software package, designed from the ground-up for producing feature-film quality animation with fewer people and resources.2D Animation has traditionally been very expensive because every frame must be drawn by hand. Even with today´s digital inking and painting software, the process still relies on individuals hand-drawing each frame. This laborious task is called "tweening".Synfig eliminates the task of manual tweening, producing smooth, fluid motion without the animator having to draw out each frame individually. This allows you to produce 2D animation with fewer people while producing art of a higher quality.

Tapptoons Linetester : http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/tapptoons/index.htm
The Tapptoons Linetester enables animators to use a scanner or video camera (with compatible capture card) to input animation images into a standard PC and edit their work, adding soundtrack and color if they wish and to output the result as a Windows AVI. Can be used for puppet animation as well as drawn animation.

eDrawings : http://www.edrawingsviewer.com/
eDrawings is a freeware utility which will give the user the power to view, create and share 3D models and 2D drawings. eDrawings offers unique capabilities like point-and-click animations that make it easy for anyone with a PC to interpret and understand 2D and 3D design data.





â«

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How do you know what short cuts to delete to help your PC to run faster?

3d scanner video image

coloriverh

I've heard that Windows XP takes up space with alot of useless files that you don't need once the program has been downloaded. Which are safe to delete? Thank you

Answer
These are the quickest ways to make your pc faster, if you need more help on how to do these, answers are a google away. I will just tell you what works.

A) Be sure you have at least 512 mb of ram. More may be overkill if you don't do a lot.

B) Use a good system cleaner like ccleaner, and make sure yoru startup entries are barebone, loading nothing except your antivirus, firewall, and messenger.

C) Use a good antivirus like AVG that doesn't hog system resources but has a nice and solid AV.

D) Use a spyware scanner like lavasoft adaware or spyboy search & destroy occasionally for scanning.

E) It really helps if your processor is at least 1.5 ghz or higher.

F) Get an ATI 2d/3d video accelerator. It can speed things up tremendously, especially working with video. More is better, but recommended you get no less than 32 mb for good performance.

G) In system properties, turn off everything under appearance except for using visual styles ( if you want things to be pretty), but if you just care about performance, uncheck that as well & use windows classic view.

H) Turn off windows updates, & if you have service pack 2, remove that as well, because MS never fix all the bugs, service pack 2 slows a pc to hell and breaks compatibility with many popular softwares.

I) Get a new harddisk, if your pc is older, the newer ones, (you want a 7,200 rpm or faster, as they can save and retrieve data over 2x faster than just a 5,400 one). I wouldn't select below about a 40 or 60 gig size, if you go too large, above 137, windows may or may not recognize it without somethig like maxtors free large drive fix.

J) If you dont use a background, it may make windows marginally faster, along with using black for your background.

K) If you have thousands of files, storing them in an external usb 2 drive will save you disk space and make windows substantially faster.

L) Turn off system restore, it slows things down. Some do not think it does, but system restore, in addition to doing it every 12 hours or so, depending on your settings, it does it for many popular apps when you install them such as media player 10. Over time, it can take many gigs of space and slow the pc down.

M) Use locate32 for finding files. It is free, finds files in a fraction of a second compared to over 15 min for windows when searching large drives, but may need you to undate its database before you start searching. Every time you mod or add lots of files, update it before searching, but it puts win search to shame, plus uses an easy interface similar to win 98.

N) Use startup manager from nirsoft. It is free, and not only checks for startup entries, but the entries show can all be deleted in mass, not just one at a time, plus it also shows all browser helpler objects. All browser helper objects may be deleted. Some debate about tea timer that comes with spybot search and destroy, or adobe but the truth is you can safely run your pc withotu any bho, as many do more harm than good anyway.

O) Google a free tool to stop prefetch. On xp, it needs to be cleaned out every so often. Some say it is harmless, but over time, when removing or testing large numbers of files, prefetch can get loaded with pointers to non existent files.

P) Remove things you dont need, such as windows messenger. Disable auto updater, turn off remote pc support, disable reboot on error, disable error reporting, turn off windows messenger spam service, disable grouping of taskbar items and hiding of system icons, turn off the rpc rebooting under all 3 of it's services.

Hope these helped. There may be others, but these should be more common ones that you can easily do with a bit of google.

Is there any other COOL editing software like iStopmotion i can use to make awesome videos?

JustASmall

What is it called and what does it do... thanks!!

Answer
Try these. All are FREE......

Pencil : http://www.pencil-animation.org/
Pencil is an animation/drawing software for Mac OS X, Windows, and Linux. It lets you create traditional hand-drawn animation (cartoon) using both bitmap and vector graphics. Pencil is free and open source.

Synfig Animation Studio : http://synfig.org/
Synfig is a powerful, industrial-strength vector-based open-source 2D animation software package, designed from the ground-up for producing feature-film quality animation with fewer people and resources.2D Animation has traditionally been very expensive because every frame must be drawn by hand. Even with today´s digital inking and painting software, the process still relies on individuals hand-drawing each frame. This laborious task is called "tweening".Synfig eliminates the task of manual tweening, producing smooth, fluid motion without the animator having to draw out each frame individually. This allows you to produce 2D animation with fewer people while producing art of a higher quality.

Tapptoons Linetester : http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/tapptoons/index.htm
The Tapptoons Linetester enables animators to use a scanner or video camera (with compatible capture card) to input animation images into a standard PC and edit their work, adding soundtrack and color if they wish and to output the result as a Windows AVI. Can be used for puppet animation as well as drawn animation.

eDrawings : http://www.edrawingsviewer.com/
eDrawings is a freeware utility which will give the user the power to view, create and share 3D models and 2D drawings. eDrawings offers unique capabilities like point-and-click animations that make it easy for anyone with a PC to interpret and understand 2D and 3D design data.

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how to create a 3d model of a guitar?

3d scanner with 3d printer image

Paul

i want to create a 3d model of a guitar. what ways are there to help me create it with the software i have, as in importing photo files or a scanning the guitar itself?

Answer
if you meant to design 3D guitar on computer, you could simple collect measurements and re draw image in 3D editor like Sketchup

Sketchup
http://www.sketchup.com/
3d Warehouse
http://sketchup.google.com/3dwarehouse/search?q=guitar&styp=m&scoring=t&btnG=Search
___________

Strata - 3D CX
http://www.strata.com/products/strata_3d_cx_suite/strata_foto_3d_cx/
could be use to take photos and place visually into rendered object of guitar body

if you meant to actually make model as life size copy,
that would require laser scanner and printer

Geomagic 3D Haptic Design, Imaging and Metrology software
http://geomagic.com/en/

NextEngine 3D Laser Scanner
http://www.nextengine.com/

Handyscan Handheld 3D Scanners
http://www.creaform3d.com/en/handyscan3d/default.aspx

3D Printers and Rapid Prototyping | 3D Systems
http://www.zcorp.com/en/home.aspx
..

How to Print 3d Photos taken with a 3D camera, via printer?

Robert

So I am wondering how can I print 3d photos taken with a 3d camera ... do I need a special printer I current have the First Looks - HP OfficeJet 150 Mobile All-in-One Printer and Scanner, is this capable of printing 3d photos?

Answer
No normal printer supports this. By 3D i am assuming you need a hologram print out. Something like this: http://www.alibaba.com/showroom/hologram-printer.html

Technology changes quickly.. who knows, maybe 2020 we will now have a personal 3d printer which prints a sculpture of what was taken on a 4d (not 3d) camera =)

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How to get a CAD model generated from a physical object?

3d scanner for cad image

Spyder

What is the device called that 'scans' a physical object to generate a CAD model of it.

Answer
A 3d Scanner or 3D Digitizer

Where can I buy a low cost 3d scanner?

Al

I need to scan in some parts to add to a CAD model. I'm really looking for something that's plug and play, where I drop the object into the scanner and it automatically puts it into a CAD packge. Any ideas?

Answer
What do you consider low cost? Good ones run around $10,000 (e.g., Roland) but you can find some for around $2,500 (e.g., Nextengine).

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How far is the automated 3-D segmentation of Brain MRI efficient compared to manual segmentation?

3d scanner body parts image

Sandhya

We are doing a project on automated 3-D segmentation of brain MRI using MATLAB. We would like to know the extent to which "Surf" commands are efficient in producing reliable segmented 3-D image. The accuracy level, how much it is better compared to manual segmentation. We need statistical detail, kindly help us....

Answer
This correspondence deals with the development of an
automated 3-D segmentation of Brain MRI. The proposal is a
model-based approach for accurate, robust, and automated
tissue segmentation of brain MRI data of single as well as
multiple magnetic resonance sequences. The main contribution
of this study is that we employ an edge-based geodesic active
contour for the segmentation task by integrating both image
edge geometry and voxel statistical homogeneity into a novel
hybrid geometricâstatistical feature to regularize contour
convergence and extract complex anatomical structures. We
validate the accuracy of the segmentation results on simulated
brain MRI scans of both single T1-weighted and multiple T1/
T2/PD-weighted sequences. When compared to a current stateof-
the-art region based level-set segmentation formulation,
our white matter and gray matter segmentation resulted in
significantly higher accuracy levels with a mean improvement
in Dice similarity indexes. Thus the development of the project
is done using MATLAB simulation for results.
A Hybrid Automated 3D Segmentation in Brain MRI -------------------------------------------------------- Advantages of a MRI scan
⢠MRI scanners are good at looking at the non-bony parts
or "soft tissues" of the body. In particular, the brain, spinal
cord and nerves are seen much more clearly with MRI
than with regular x-rays and CAT scans.
⢠Also, muscles, ligaments and tendons are seen quite well
so that MRI scans are commonly used to look at knees
and shoulders following injuries.
⢠A MRI scanner uses no x-rays or other radiation.
⢠A disadvantage of MRI is itâs higher cost compared to a
regular x-ray or CAT scan. Also, CAT scans are frequently
better at looking at the bones that MRI.

How are 2D cartoons animated today?

Captain Ca

I understand how 3D images are made, they generate models and send them through animations. However, how do they do 2D cartoons? I asume they don't draw each individual frame anymore. But, backgrounds that don't move do appear to be hand-drawn in some shows. How do 2D cartoons go through animations?

Answer
Depending on the budget, deadlines, technology, experience and preference that 2D animations are made one way or another.

Small budgeted shows, destined for the weekly TV slots are mostly done on Flash these days. Characters are created from simple shapes with movable body parts (mouths, hands etc.) are pasted onto individual layers and animated individually or in concert with the other parts.

The good thing about Flash is that you can position key drawings (important, story-telling character poses of say, a hand) out and the computer will fill in the in-between drawings (all the other drawings between the key drawings to smooth out the movements) automatically. So you can position the hand at one location (a key), and then program the computer to move it to another location (another key) and it will fill in all the in-between drawings by itself (timing is done by the animator). Computers are only good at moving objects around perfectly and stretching/squashing them according to preset rules so you are limited to certain expressions. Of course, complex scenes still need to be animated by hand, but to keep the cost and the time consumed down, animators don't get to do them frequently, if at all.

You can recognize these shows by the extremely smooth movements exhibited by the characters, as well as the bold and uniformed outlines and colors throughout. Backgrounds can be painted by hand, either digitally or on papers( and then scanned into the computer), or created from bodies of static shapes and colors.

Bigger, movie-length animated films use specialized softwares, either developed in-house, or bought commercially like the Toon Boom Animation program. These, however, are almost completely hand-drawn (characters-wise), since you can only create good character animation when you have a feel of the lines and forms of the characters, a thing that is quite difficult to program on a computer.

Some studios use papers and scanners, some use graphic tablets like the Wacoms to imput drawings into their computers. Some parts of a character can be animated while others are put on a different layer and remain static.

You can recognize these films by the slight jittery outlines of the character when he/she/it moves, since each line was drawn to match up with the previous drawings', though never perfectly so, no matter how hard the animators tried. The backgrounds are usually painted by hand (either digitally or manually on papers), or in 3D models that mimic a particular style or both.

Having said all that, yes, most animated shows are still drawn by hand. Some are done on papers and scanners, some are done on computers with Wacom tablets, some combine both in the production process. 2D animation is a craft, and unless computers can draw imaginatively, animators will still have their jobs, drawing them lovingly frame by frame. I hope that helped.

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What is a good camera for a beginning photographer?

3d scanner build image

mr.wanksal

I am a college student and am going to be moving to Australia for a while, and I am looking for a camera before I go. I have taken a few short photography lessons, so I know basically what I am doing. I am looking to spend between $100-$250

Answer
I started photography in 1964, have done my share of weddings and portraits, graduations, etc., including court evidence for landlord/tenant courts. Professional? I've lived off of photography, am semi-retired today.

When you buy a camera, consider that you're buying in to a lens system. Your camera's lens mount determines what lenses you can use, and that camera brand's lenses will be dependent on whether or not the camera brand changes its lens mount. Nikon has not changed its lens mount since 1959 and it is well known in the industry for great lenses with very good glass formulas. You won't have problems finding lenses in the future.

Best FILM camera for amateur, photography classes: Nikon N80 with the Nikkor 28-105mm f/3.5-5.6D lens (also a macro lens) or the Nikkor 35-105mm f/3.5-5.6D(macro) lens. This camera has many features that you will not outgrow anytime soon; it has spot meter, average/center-weighted metering and 3D matrix metering, can be used totally manually (you set the aperture, shutter speed) with auto-focus or without auto-focus, or aperture priority (you set the desired aperture, the camera sets the correct, corresponding shutter speed) or shutter priority (you set the desired shutter speed, the camera will set the correct, corresponding aperture) or totally automatic where the camera will set the aperture and shutter speed with auto-focus or if you wish, without the auto-focus. The camera is the best bang-for-your-dollar on this level, and it also has a built-in flash good up to about 5 feet. It is a sturdy, ergonomically built camera, will advance your film automatically and rewind the film as you take the last shot, and it sets the ISO automatically for you (although you can also override to "push" or "pull" film), it has on-command grid lines to help you maintain a level horizon when you do landscapes, seascapes and architectural photos. It is the poor man's "pro" camera. Get the instructions manual; there are many more features that I do not have the time or space to include here.

I still have two of these cameras even though I have my two trusty pro-level Nikon F5 cameras.

The lens is the most versatile lens around; you can use it as a wide angle lens (28-35mm), regular lens (45-55mm), as a portrait lens (80-90mm), as a short telephoto lens (90-105mm) and as a macro-lens (it converts to a macro lens by switching a small switch). The Nikkor 35-105mm f/3.5-5.6D (macro) lens is the older but equally good lens that is a few dollars cheaper. You might even want to include a Nikkor 50mm f/1.8D for low light situations; this little lens is easy to carry and will help you out in low light situations where you might otherwise have great difficulties or you might not get at all.

Once you have the film processed, you can either scan the images at home (if you have a scanner at home) or you can have a CD made by the lab that processes your film. You'll the have the film for future use, and not have to worry about archival issues, still not unsettled in the digital technology.

Point and shoot camera: check into the Canon S3-iS. It does not have interchangeable lens but it has many good features considering its price range.

Best digital SLR for amateur or photography classes: Nikon D50 with the kit lens, which I would recommend over the Canon S3-iS since there's not much difference in prices and there is so much more camera in the Nikon D50; or, the Nikon D70S with the kit lens; this camera is still going strong and people are still raving over its many good qualities. With these Nikon cameras, you'll have a camera that will retain a higher resale price than any other when you decide to upgrade to another camera, and the lenses will surely fit any other Nikon digital camera!

Check with www.keh.com and see what they have; if you don't see what you want, go back in 2 or 3 days and be ready to buy at once since their merchandise doesn't stay very long on their shelves.

If you truly wish to stay in photography, whether to make this your profession or for the sake of having a lifelong hobby (that is also very therapeutic), get a camera that you can grow with, and develop skills and let your natural talents grow. But the best you can afford if you're sure that you're going to be in photography a long time, but buy wisely and save money in the process! For now, buy good but used cameras in good shape and buy only from reputable places where you'll have a certain degree of security.

You must have realistic expectations in buying your camera and lens; $250 is NOT realistic. Your best bet is to get a good but used N80 at about $170 and get the Nikkor 35-105mm f/3.5-5.6D(macro) lens for about $140 or so, or maybe about $530 for a Nikon D50 with the kit lens. Do NOT even think that you'll be saving any kind of real money by getting a generic lens; you will get what you pay for! Don't fall into this trap as so many others have; get into good habits from the start. If you choose to go with a Canon camera, get Canon lenses, and if you go with Nikon, get Nikkor lenses... don't put cheap tires on your Rolls-Royce! Cheap lenses are cheap lenses; stay away from generics!

Good luck and best wishes.

3D modeling software of human body. Does anyone know which software is used for this?

curious

I work on AutoCAd and I want to move into the medical field. I have heard that 3D modeling is used for diagnosis, line of treatment and also for simulation of elective surgery. How do I get more info on this so I can move into that field? Thanks

Answer
well, you could use a lot of softwares like Maya and 3Dsmax to create stunning 3D models of any kind.
In the medical filed, 3D visualization using these softwares are done extensively for educational purposes.

But for diagmnostics and treatment, machines and its in-built softwares does the the 3D job. these machines have 3D scanners which automaticly creates 3D models of any scanned surfaces on the fly.

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Any Dr. prepared to give me "scanner" images of human LIMBS?

3d scanner manufacturers image

just "JR"

Any Dr. prepared to give me "scanner" images of human LIMBS?
I am doing some preliminary research on "Morphology Replication of Human Limbs Prosthesis".
In (very) short:
- A human lost an arm
- I scan the remaining one
- I make a mirror image of it.
- I build the missing bones in titanium alloy (technically modified)
- I build the muscle structure using nanotube carbon fibres
- I build the skin tissue using DNA "spray"...
... more ...
- A surgeon "implants" the prothesis.
Already a 20 years dream.
Accepted as a PhD researcher with Coimbra University. Need concrete preliminary results to confirm research project.

Current problems:
- Get scanned image of human "arm" (from mid-humerus to finger tips), taken from standard medical scanners to convert these images into 3D models, where the exact sketelton can be extracted in 3D.
- Get existing programs that do the transformation (none found yet: medical scanners manufacturers are not prepared to share data)
- I can write and develop the program to do the conversion.
- Drs. use "Patient confidentiality" to refuse my request.
- I offer "my arm" for scanning, but I have to pay for it (tooooo much $)
Offers?
Solutions?
Images?
Thanks
(I'll put my research status on my site (http://www.web2coders.com/research - in a day or two, if I receive any answer)

Answer
You might get more response if you go visit a clinic or hospital in person.

Few of us here in "Computers & Internet" will have access to pictures of people's arms.

Can anyone tell me how easy is it to change over to linux and get drivers for printers , scanners and video di

deeva4444

Thank you all for your good advice and the links you provided for me you were all very helpful and gave me some new knowledge thanks again much apreciated

Answer
The first place is to research the hardware you have to make sure it is supported under Linux and specifically under the distribution you are interested in running. The simplest way is to get a "LiveCD" which lets you try Linux without modifying your existing operating system. While this method is slower since it works only from memory and CD, it lets you try the different distros until you find one you are comfortable with.

I highly recommend finding a book to help you learn Linux (either from a public library or purchased) since it will allow you to read along as you perform the various tasks without needing your computer to view online documents. This is especially helpful during the installation steps.

Printers from major brands (HP, Epson, etc) have good support under Linux (http://linuxprinting.org)

Scanners are hit and miss, although a new scanner is cheaper than an upgrade of Windows these days.

Just about all video cards are supported using a fallback driver (vesa.) 3d acceleration is available for major cards such as Nvidia and ATI using the proprietary drivers from those manufacturer's websites.

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can you make an x ray see through your skull?

3d x ray scanning image

Chris

i need an image of the surface of my brain. an mri and a ct scan miss whats under the surface of your brain. the skull and brain are to close together and you cant see it. i think theres something maybe metal under my skull. can an x ray make your skull transparent? i need something like a normal x ray but see through. do you know how?

Answer
X ray have a penetrative power, with the quantity of the rays stopped being a function of the density of whatever it is going through, but it cannot change the property of matter.

Tomography allows a better view that allows a reconstruction of a 3D image by doing several X ray along different directions. Magnetic resonance imaging relies on the different way hydrogen in molecules will align with a powerful magnet, which allows it to image tissue that contain water.

The only imaging technique you have not listed is the positron emission tomography (PET) which require short lived radio active isotopes to be injected.

If those techniques do not work, then your request would need something that is not yet available.

What is the difference between a CT scan, an MRI, and a X-Ray?

largeaquat

(I don't know if it's a CT or a CAT scan) What is the difference between the three

Answer
CT and CAT are interchangeable. :) The differences between the 3 can get very involved, but can also be simple..

CT/CAT- These machines run off specialized xray technology that takes multiple, cross-sectioned images that are transferred to a computer and seen in a 3D model. The CT stands for computed tomography.

MRI - These machines run off powerful magnets, versus radiation - like X-rays and CT's. Magnetic Resonance Imaging is pretty neat because you actually get magnetized and the atoms in that area line up causing the nuclei in the area to become detectable by the machine. MRI's are often used for more detailed images, and are especially useful for examining different soft tissue organs like the brain, heart, etc. With certain dye injected contrast materials, radiologists are able to see veins or arteries as well.

Xray- These are commonly used for diagnostic purposes because they help show internal structure and can often help a doctor see abnormalities. Normally, a CT or MRI would be ordered if the radiologist needed to see more than what is showing on the Xray.

Xrays can be taken from portable machines, CT/MRI is traditionally done in a big machine where you lay down and the area of interest is scanned.

I found this article that you may find more informative, good luck!

http://hubpages.com/hub/Diagnostic-imaging

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What is the likeliness of getting a gau-19?

3d scanner gun image

John

Like how much $$$ would one need to order the d*mn thing?
How hard it is to aquire one in the first place?
And what kind of federal license would you need to have to own it?
Lastly, what process would need to be carried out to aquire this license?

I'm guessing a kind of military license, $5,000, and a due process to order, ship, and receive as well as shipping payment. General Dynamics doesn't just hand out Gau-19s to just anyone, although that would be pretty convenient. And i'm guessing extensive training (military) and testing to aquire this particular license. I'm also guessing that from its little popularity and being widely unkown that it may be easier than i think, still difficult, but easier to aquire than that of an m134.

below, I get a little off here, so read if you please but you don't have to cause it's not part of my question, just some facts and links, i'd rather have my questions answered.

My reasons for wanting to aquire this weapon is for a last defense for when the tyranny of our government reaches to the point of an absolute dictatorship and we merge into the rest of the worlds
revolution in the act to rebuild nations, that this will help defend myself and my family, an ar-15 won't cut it. Also, because of its 3 barrels and ability to change the R.O.F. of the weapon, can help preserve ammo than its 6 barreled counterpart (m134), and speaking of ammo, it has a larger round than its counterpart making the gau-19 (50-BMG) better than the m134 (7.62 x 51). And although the .50 is more expensive than the other, because of the lower fire rate of the gau-19, in the long run, i save, cause its the m134's 5,000 rpm Vs. the gau-19's 1,000 rpm rate (or selectable 1,250 rpm, 1,300 rpm, and 2,000 rpm). So as you can see here, my reasons are very good reasons. My final reason is because, admit it, it's an awesome weapon, the machine in my favorite game series Halo for the XBox is modeled after the gau-19.

gau-19 is the 4th one down
http://www.gdatp.com/business_units/armament/multi_barrel/

http://loadoutroom.com/879/gau-19-gatling-50-cal/

http://homemadedefense.blogspot.com/2009/10/gau-19a-50bmg.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GAU-19

http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNUS_50cal-GAU-19_MG.htm

http://www.army-guide.com/eng/product328.html

Machine gun in halo 3 (Labeled AIE 486H HMG)
http://th05.deviantart.net/fs70/PRE/i/2012/004/e/7/halo_3_chain_gun_turret___aie_486h_hmg_by_jamezzz92-d4l9lbb.jpg

Answer
It might be possible to purchase one from a foreign military entity. You can buy MIG-29 fighter jets from former soviet republic air forces. Some are for sale for around 5 million dollars. You might not be able to get a GAU-19 since they do not just sell them to anyone. If you are really that determined to get one you could use 3d scanners to help reverse engineer the GAU-19 in 50 caliber and produce one for yourself. If in the end with all of the legal paperwork ,and tax stamps you can have a fully automatic GAU-19. If you cannot get your hands on a GAU-19 you could make something similar that could do the same job ,but reverse engineering an GAU-19 is probably your best bet since you probably will not be able to get one imported or purchase one from general dynamics. Remember you will have to get the proper manufacturing licenses from the ATF.

Can someone answer my questions about the 3-D printer?

Joey

Is there any limits to what it can make? Is it illegal to make certain things out of the 3D printer? If so,tell me. How much money is a 3D printer?If I put a puppy in the scanner, would it be able to replicate the puppy? How does the 3-D printer know if something should move or not?

Answer
Let me answer your questions one at a time:

1. Is there any limits to what it can make?
Right now, yes. In the future, no. The technology today is not advanced enough to make anything. The most common materials used now are plastic, resin, and recently the technology has grown to include metal. Food (lots of chocolate) has recently been printed as have organic materials such as stem cells. However, right now the biggest constraints of 3D printing is size. Soon one can conceivably print things as big as buildings, but for now most printers are relatively small (12in.X12in. though there are some much larger commercial printers). The future of 3D printing will also allow for printing on a molecular level, but for now the technology can only print in the micro scale.

2. Strictly speaking there are no laws against printing anything in 3D. However, laws exist that prohibit the manufacturing of certain goods and these apply to things that a 3D printer can conceivably make. An example of something that is illegal to print in the U.S. is a full gun. One can print parts of a gun legally, but cannot print a whole gun.

3. The cost of a 3D printer varies greatly. One can buy a 3D printer for the home for as little as $499. Commercial 3D printers cost much more and can run upwards of $30,000. With the continual advancement of the technology you can expect to see the prices drop as time goes on.

4. If you scan a puppy in 3D, a printer can print it in 3D. It would most likely be made out of plastic or resin though, not nice soft puppy fur.

5. 3D printers can print moving parts. When an item is programed into the software it maps out exactly where to lay down material. Because 3D printing is additive manufacturing it doesn't print the parts one by one, but instead prints the whole object layer by successive layer. If the programing is correct then moving parts can be included in the printed final product.

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