is there a 3d printer/scanner combo?

float_on_h

Answer
I believe every 3d printer has a scanner because it has to scan the item it is producing. what I would like to see is a 3d printer with faxes which faxes the item to a third party :)

there are 3D printers, that prints plastic printers. are there 3D scanners?

Jim

i understand that there are "scanners" that tells you how much of a certain element there are in a sample.

relating to this question, are there printers that also print other material?

Answer
Do YOU have any idea what you are talking about?

There are "printers" that can "printer" a 3D model using a special plastic polymer.

There are also "scanners" that can scan the dimensions of a 3D object. Most often, the input from the scanner can be used to make a plastic model of the subject using the 3D "printer".

BOTH are very expensive --several thousand dollars.

Other than that -- set back, take a breath, ask a clear and understandable question.

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tell me the difference :)?

I AM VIETN

Between normal X-ray technology and Computed Tomography used in hospital , especially about Computer Function of CT
thanks
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Small suggestion :)
Are you having blog , could you invite me as your friend :)

Answer
Standard x-rays are simple images similar to photographs taken in the X-ray spectrum of light.

Computed tomography (CT), originally known as computed axial tomography (CAT or CT scan) and body section roentgenography, is a medical imaging method employing tomography where digital geometry processing is used to generate a three-dimensional image of the internals of an object from a large series of two-dimensional X-ray images taken around a single axis of rotation. The word "tomography" is derived from the Greek tomos (slice) and graphia (to write). CT produces a volume of data which can be manipulated, through a process known as windowing, in order to demonstrate various structures based on their ability to block the X-ray beam. Although historically the images generated were in the axial or transverse plane (orthogonal to the long axis of the body), modern scanners allow this volume of data to be reformatted in various planes or even as volumetric (3D) representations of structures.

Although most common in healthcare, CT is also used in other fields, for example nondestructive materials testing.


Advantages Over Projection Radiography

First, CT completely eliminates the superimposition of images of structures outside the area of interest. Second, because of the inherent high-contrast resolution of CT, differences between tissues that differ in physical density by less than 1% can be distinguished. Third, data from a single CT imaging procedure consisting of either multiple contiguous or one helical scan can be viewed as images in the axial, coronal, or sagittal planes, depending on the diagnostic task. This is referred to as multiplanar reformatted imaging.


Regarding your question about the computing portion, X-ray slice data is generated using an X-ray source that rotates around the object; X-ray sensors are positioned on the opposite side of the circle from the X-ray source. Many data scans are progressively taken as the object is gradually passed through the gantry. They are combined together by the mathematical procedure known as tomographic reconstruction.

Newer machines with faster computer systems and newer software strategies can process not only individual cross sections but continuously changing cross sections as the gantry, with the object to be imaged, is slowly and smoothly slid through the X-ray circle. These are called helical or spiral CT machines. Their computer systems integrate the data of the moving individual slices to generate three dimensional volumetric information (3D-CT scan), in turn viewable from multiple different perspectives on attached CT workstation monitors.
CT scanner with cover removed to show the principle of operation
CT scanner with cover removed to show the principle of operation

In conventional CT machines, an X-ray tube and detector are physically rotated behind a circular shroud (see the image above right); in the electron beam tomography (EBT) the tube is far larger and higher power to support the high temporal resolution. The electron beam is deflected in a hollow funnel shaped vacuum chamber. X-rays are generated when the beam hits the stationary target. The detector is also stationary.

The data stream representing the varying radiographic intensity sensed reaching the detectors on the opposite side of the circle during each sweep is then computer processed to calculate cross-sectional estimations of the radiographic density, expressed in Hounsfield units. Sweeps cover 360 or just over 180 degrees in conventional machines, 220 degrees in EBT.

CT is used in medicine as a diagnostic tool and as a guide for interventional procedures. Sometimes contrast materials such as intravenous iodinated contrast are used. This is useful to highlight structures such as blood vessels that otherwise would be difficult to delineate from their surroundings. Using contrast material can also help to obtain functional information about tissues.

Pixels in an image obtained by CT scanning are displayed in terms of relative radiodensity. The pixel itself is displayed according to the mean attenuation of the tissue(s) that it corresponds to on a scale from -1024 to +3071 on the Hounsfield scale. Pixel is a two dimensional unit based on the matrix size and the field of view. When the CT slice thickness is also factored in, the unit is known as a Voxel, which is a three dimensional unit. The phenomenon that one part of the detector cannot differ between different tissues is called the Partial Volume Effect. That means that a big amount of cartilage and a thin layer of compact bone can cause the same attenuation in a voxel as hyperdense cartilage alone. Water has an attenuation of 0 Hounsfield units (HU) while air is -1000 HU, cancellous bone is typically +400 HU, cranial bone can reach 2000 HU or more (os temporale) and can cause artefacts. The attenuation of metallic implants depends on atomic number of the element used: Titanium usually has an amount of +1000 HU, iron steel can completely extinguish the X-ray and is therefore responsible for well-known line-artifacts in computed tomogrammes.

what is meant by citi scan?

harshi d

Answer
FIRST OF ALL IT IS CT SCAN AND NOT CITI SCAN.

AND NOW FOR YOUR ANSWER

Computed tomography (CT), originally known as computed axial tomography (CAT or CT scan) and body section roentgenography, is a medical imaging method employing tomography where digital geometry processing is used to generate a three-dimensional image of the internals of an object from a large series of two-dimensional X-ray images taken around a single axis of rotation. The word "tomography" is derived from the Greek tomos (slice) and graphein (to write). CT produces a volume of data which can be manipulated, through a process known as windowing, in order to demonstrate various structures based on their ability to block the X-ray beam. Although historically (see below) the images generated were in the axial or transverse plane (orthogonal to the long axis of the body), modern scanners allow this volume of data to be reformatted in various planes or even as volumetric (3D) representations of structures.

Although most common in healthcare, CT is also used in other fields, for example nondestructive materials testing.

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How can I make anime?

Sarah

So I have some good ideas for a few animes! While telling my friends (who are also anime freaks) they said they thought i was describing other animes i had seen because my ideas sounded so good. They were really excited and wanted to know more about the characters i made up. So i thought i could team up with a few people and make something like an anime short series or something, since it would be our first one. The only problem is that i don't know how to animate it. I can draw really well but obviously that's not enough for an "anime". So how/what programs can i use to animate my ideas?

Answer
My advice is to create a manga first (like bridget said watch Bakuman to get some tips), you need to storyboard the scenes for the anime first, and that's just like making a manga. You can copyright your manga story too, so nobody can steal it.

You need a suite of programs. This is what I'm gleaning from searching around

Manga/Anime artist survey:

- Top 2 paint programs: Adobe Photoshop, PaintTool SAI
- 90% use Windows, 10% Mac
- Almost all use a Wacom Intuos or other Wacom graphics tablet to draw
- or draw on paper and use a scanner, but a tablet will make your life easier.

Adobe Flash is a pretty powerful animation program, and a good one to learn, with the advantage that Flash can be linked straight on a website, or make your own online games. Many modern shows like my little pony are made with Flash

Here's a list of software with feature descriptions
http://www.squidoo.com/2danimationsoftware

Toon Boom is a popular animation suite used by The Simpsons, Spongebob, and others:
http://beta.toonboom.com/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toon_Boom_Opus

FrameToon is made by a Japanese company, and they make OpenCanvas:
http://www.portalgraphics.net/oc/

Toonz is actually used by Studio Ghibli on Spirited Away:
http://www.toonz.com/

Tvpaint is a full fledged animation suite, and has a trial version
http://www.tvpaint.com/v2/content/article/home/

For 3D, you can use Blender (which is free open source), Maya, and 3D Studio Max.

what are some reverse engineering techniques?

Kevin7

Answer
Reverse engineering of machines
As computer-aided design (CAD) has become more popular, reverse engineering has become a viable method to create a 3D virtual model of an existing physical part for use in 3D CAD, CAM, CAE or other software. The reverse-engineering process involves measuring an object and then reconstructing it as a 3D model. The physical object can be measured using 3D scanning technologies like CMMs, laser scanners, structured light digitizers or computed tomography. The measured data alone, usually represented as a point cloud, lacks topological information and is therefore often processed and modeled into a more usable format such as a triangular-faced mesh, a set of NURBS surfaces or a CAD model.
Reverse engineering is also used by businesses to bring existing physical geometry into digital product development environments, to make a digital 3D record of their own products or to assess competitors' products. It is used to analyse, for instance, how a product works, what it does, and what components it consists of, estimate costs, and identify potential patent infringement, etc. Value engineering is a related activity also used by businesses. It involves de-constructing and analysing products, but the objective is to find opportunities for cost cutting.

Reverse engineering of software
The three main groups of software reverse engineering are
1. Analysis through observation of information exchange, most prevalent in protocol reverse engineering, which involves using bus analyzers and packet sniffers, for example, for accessing a computer bus or computer network connection and revealing the traffic data thereon. Bus or network behaviour can then be analyzed to produce a stand-alone implementation that mimics that behaviour. This is especially useful for reverse engineering device drivers. Sometimes, reverse engineering on embedded systems is greatly assisted by tools deliberately introduced by the manufacturer, such as JTAG ports or other debugging means. In Microsoft Windows, low-level debuggers such as SoftICE are popular.
2. Disassembly using a disassembler, meaning the raw machine language of the program is read and understood in its own terms, only with the aid of machine-language mnemonics. This works on any computer program but can take quite some time, especially for someone not used to machine code. The Interactive Disassembler is a particularly popular tool.
3. Decompilation using a decompiler, a process that tries, with varying results, to recreate the source code in some high-level language for a program only available in machine code or bytecode.

Reverse engineering of integrated circuits/smart cards
Reverse engineering is an invasive and destructive form of analyzing a smart card. The attacker grinds away layer by layer of the smart card and takes pictures with an electron microscope. With this technique, it is possible to reveal the complete hardware and software part of the smart card. The major problem for the attacker is to bring everything into the right order to find out how everything works. Engineers try to hide keys and operations by mixing up memory positions, for example, busscrambling. In some cases, it is even possible to attach a probe to measure voltages while the smart card is still operational. Engineers employ sensors to detect and prevent this attack. This attack is not very common because it requires a large investment in effort and special equipment that is generally only available to large chip manufacturers. Furthermore, the payoff from this attack is low since other security techniques are often employed such as shadow accounts.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_engineering

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tell me the difference :)?

I AM VIETN

Between normal X-ray technology and Computed Tomography used in hospital , especially about Computer Function of CT
thanks
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Small suggestion :)
Are you having blog , could you invite me as your friend :)

Answer
Standard x-rays are simple images similar to photographs taken in the X-ray spectrum of light.

Computed tomography (CT), originally known as computed axial tomography (CAT or CT scan) and body section roentgenography, is a medical imaging method employing tomography where digital geometry processing is used to generate a three-dimensional image of the internals of an object from a large series of two-dimensional X-ray images taken around a single axis of rotation. The word "tomography" is derived from the Greek tomos (slice) and graphia (to write). CT produces a volume of data which can be manipulated, through a process known as windowing, in order to demonstrate various structures based on their ability to block the X-ray beam. Although historically the images generated were in the axial or transverse plane (orthogonal to the long axis of the body), modern scanners allow this volume of data to be reformatted in various planes or even as volumetric (3D) representations of structures.

Although most common in healthcare, CT is also used in other fields, for example nondestructive materials testing.


Advantages Over Projection Radiography

First, CT completely eliminates the superimposition of images of structures outside the area of interest. Second, because of the inherent high-contrast resolution of CT, differences between tissues that differ in physical density by less than 1% can be distinguished. Third, data from a single CT imaging procedure consisting of either multiple contiguous or one helical scan can be viewed as images in the axial, coronal, or sagittal planes, depending on the diagnostic task. This is referred to as multiplanar reformatted imaging.


Regarding your question about the computing portion, X-ray slice data is generated using an X-ray source that rotates around the object; X-ray sensors are positioned on the opposite side of the circle from the X-ray source. Many data scans are progressively taken as the object is gradually passed through the gantry. They are combined together by the mathematical procedure known as tomographic reconstruction.

Newer machines with faster computer systems and newer software strategies can process not only individual cross sections but continuously changing cross sections as the gantry, with the object to be imaged, is slowly and smoothly slid through the X-ray circle. These are called helical or spiral CT machines. Their computer systems integrate the data of the moving individual slices to generate three dimensional volumetric information (3D-CT scan), in turn viewable from multiple different perspectives on attached CT workstation monitors.
CT scanner with cover removed to show the principle of operation
CT scanner with cover removed to show the principle of operation

In conventional CT machines, an X-ray tube and detector are physically rotated behind a circular shroud (see the image above right); in the electron beam tomography (EBT) the tube is far larger and higher power to support the high temporal resolution. The electron beam is deflected in a hollow funnel shaped vacuum chamber. X-rays are generated when the beam hits the stationary target. The detector is also stationary.

The data stream representing the varying radiographic intensity sensed reaching the detectors on the opposite side of the circle during each sweep is then computer processed to calculate cross-sectional estimations of the radiographic density, expressed in Hounsfield units. Sweeps cover 360 or just over 180 degrees in conventional machines, 220 degrees in EBT.

CT is used in medicine as a diagnostic tool and as a guide for interventional procedures. Sometimes contrast materials such as intravenous iodinated contrast are used. This is useful to highlight structures such as blood vessels that otherwise would be difficult to delineate from their surroundings. Using contrast material can also help to obtain functional information about tissues.

Pixels in an image obtained by CT scanning are displayed in terms of relative radiodensity. The pixel itself is displayed according to the mean attenuation of the tissue(s) that it corresponds to on a scale from -1024 to +3071 on the Hounsfield scale. Pixel is a two dimensional unit based on the matrix size and the field of view. When the CT slice thickness is also factored in, the unit is known as a Voxel, which is a three dimensional unit. The phenomenon that one part of the detector cannot differ between different tissues is called the Partial Volume Effect. That means that a big amount of cartilage and a thin layer of compact bone can cause the same attenuation in a voxel as hyperdense cartilage alone. Water has an attenuation of 0 Hounsfield units (HU) while air is -1000 HU, cancellous bone is typically +400 HU, cranial bone can reach 2000 HU or more (os temporale) and can cause artefacts. The attenuation of metallic implants depends on atomic number of the element used: Titanium usually has an amount of +1000 HU, iron steel can completely extinguish the X-ray and is therefore responsible for well-known line-artifacts in computed tomogrammes.

Does anyone know of a site that I can get a PICTURE if the apparatus used in both the CAT scan and the MRI?

Wizard of

I have had BOTH of these, but my sister is going for an MRI and, for the life of me, I cannot remember which is which! I need PICTURES to show her what to expect! HELP!!
I cannot remember which one is the "quickie" and which one takes 1/2 hour

Answer
Images of MRI machine

http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~YS2K-SIK/00kseike/2003/0406jmcf/mri-150.jpg&imgrefurl=http://ghettodriveby.com/mri/&h=443&w=592&sz=25&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=BH5RbxSM1MCWXM:&tbnh=101&tbnw=135&prev=/images%3Fq%3DMRI%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG
http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2003/mri_press1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2003/press.html&h=237&w=300&sz=21&hl=en&start=6&tbnid=9rM1MrQ5neDpWM:&tbnh=92&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3DMRI%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG


CAT machine

http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.karlloren.com/images/139.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.karlloren.com/ultrasound/index.htm&h=300&w=240&sz=25&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=nPAEJg9Rd67jKM:&tbnh=116&tbnw=93&prev=/images%3Fq%3DCAT%2Bscan%2Bmachine%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG
http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.karlloren.com/ultrasound/images/catsca9.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.karlloren.com/ultrasound/p44.htm&h=344&w=391&sz=72&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=_1Dw6chPI9rnLM:&tbnh=108&tbnw=123&prev=/images%3Fq%3DCAT%2Bscan%2Bmachine%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG

Computed tomography (CT), originally known as computed axial tomography (CAT or CT scan) and body section roentgenography, is a medical imaging method employing tomography where digital geometry processing is used to generate a three-dimensional image of the internals of an object from a large series of two-dimensional X-ray images taken around a single axis of rotation. The word "tomography" is derived from the Greek tomos (slice) and graphein (to write). CT produces a volume of data which can be manipulated, through a process known as windowing, in order to demonstrate various structures based on their ability to block the X-ray beam. Although historically (see below) the images generated were in the axial or transverse plane (orthogonal to the long axis of the body), modern scanners allow this volume of data to be reformatted in various planes or even as volumetric (3D) representations of structures.

MRI is short for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. (If your doctor has sent you for an MRA [Magnetic Resonance Angiography], this is also a kind of MRI.) MRI is an advanced technology that lets your doctor see internal organs, blood vessels, muscles, joints, tumors, areas of infection, and more -- without x-rays, surgery, or pain. MRI is very safe; in fact, it makes use of natural forces and has no known harmful effects. It's important to know that MRI will not expose you to any radiation.


MRI take half hr to one hr to complete

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can you tell me why the electron configuration for a lead atom is?

tc

[Xe] (4f^14 )(5d^10)(6s^2)(6p^2)
can u plz show me how to get this...

Answer
Okay try and follow me with this, if I had my scanner here I'd do this on paper and scan it in for you but this is the best we can do now:

-Pull out a periodic table & look up Lead (Pb) it has an atomic number of 82.
-Okay, your instructor should have given you the list of the oder that the electrons would fill in each sublevel, like the following
1s
2s 2p
3s 3p 3d
4s 4p 4d 4f
5s 5p 5d 5f
6s 6p 6d
7s 7p (and such...)

The way that the electrons will fill each sublevel goes diagonally down starting with like so: 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s (notice here that I didn't continue on with 3d but INSTEAD i went diagonaly down-left to 4s because this is of lower energy than 3d-continue...go back up to level 3) 3d 4p 5s (notice diaginally down-left)

Now you know that you must know that each "sublevel"(i.e. s, p, d, f) has a certain number of orbital:
s = 1
p = 3
d = 5
f = 7
And in each orbital there can be two electrons occupying that spot therefore the max. number of electrons per sublevel is:
electrons in s = 1 x 2e- = 2e-
electrons in p = 3 x 2e- = 6e-
electrons in d = 5 x 2e- = 10e-
electrons in f = 7 x 2e- = 14e-

Now to your question:
Lets write the sublevels up to where you will have up to 82 electrons:
1s^2, 2s^2, 2p^6, 3s^2, 3p^6, 4s^2, 3d^10, 4p^6, 5s^2, 4d^10, 5p^6, 6s^2, 4f^14, 5d^10, 6p^2

Okay now gather all the exponents and add to see if you get 82 electrons (expoenents represent the number of electrons in each sublevel):
2 + 2 + 6 + 2 + 6 + 2 + 10 + 6 + 2 + 10 + 6 + 2 + 14 + 10 + 2 = 82

This is the long way of writing the elctron configuration of lead in order to write the short way you use a nobel gas to replace some of those earlier electrons. This method requires looking at the periodic table and looking for the near noble gas with a fewer number of electrons than lead. Therefore go up a row and the noble gas turns out to be [Xe]. You know that Xe's atomic number is 54 and therefore has 54 electrons already. Take 82 (Pb-lead) - 54 (Xe) = 28

So you can write [Xe] and then add on another 28 electrons.
Well, just go back up to the long-hand method: 1s^2, 2s^2, 2p^6, 3s^2, 3p^6, 4s^2, 3d^10, 4p^6, 5s^2, 4d^10, 5p^6, 6s^2, 4f^14, 5d^10, 6p^2

add up the electrons until you get 54 which is equal to [Xe]:
2 + 2 + 6 + 2 + 6 + 2 + 10 + 6 + 2 + 10 + 6 = 54 Therefore everything up to 5p^6 represents [Xe] so you've accrounted for most of those orbitals, you only have 28 left which is essentially the (6s^2, 4f^14, 5d^10, 6p^2) part:
2 + 14 + 10 + 2 = 28 (there's your remaning 28 electrons)

Therefore the short-hand way is: [Xe] 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^2

I hope this helps!!

Good luck!

Here's also a website for you to read and review there seems to be some examples at the bottom. http://www.fordhamprep.org/gcurran/sho/sho/lessons/lesson36.htm

Love,
Mary

Does anybody know where to download Monkey Jam Animation software??

T9X

I;m trying to make some stop motion stuff. Does anybody know a site where I can download the MonkeyJam software besides www.giantscreamingrobotmonkeys.com?
That site is not responding.

Any help would be GREATELY appreciated.
Thank You

Answer
1.-- MonkeyJam - free digital pencil test software -
A freeware digital pencil test animation program for Windows. ... It's been over a year since the last update and I want to thank everyone for the ...
1.http:ââwww.giantscreamingrobotmonkeys.com/monkeyjam/index.html-- MonkeyJam - About
It is designed to let you capture images from a webcam, camcorder, or scanner ... You can also import images and sound files already on your computer. ...
http://www.giantscreamingrobotmonkeys.com/monkeyjam/about.html
-

â¢MonkeyJam - Download
New Features Audio support for WAV and MP3 files. Audio scrubbing in Xsheet and Preview. Export AVI with audio. Dialog markup. Keyboard shortcuts (+/-,1-9) for changing image duration.
http://www.giantscreamingrobotmonkeys.com/monkeyjam/download.html

oâ¢
â¢Animation Software-3D animation-stop motion animation-claymation ...
Stop Motion Animation Software the teachers and the students love Monkey Jam . ...
http://www.adrianbruce.com/computers/animation-software.htm

â¢-- MonkeyJam - free digital pencil test software -
A freeware digital pencil test animation program for Windows. ... It's been over a year since the last update and I want to thank everyone for the ...
http://www.giantscreamingrobotmonkeys.com/monkeyjam/index.html
-- MonkeyJam - About
It is designed to let you capture images from a webcam, camcorder, or scanner ... You can also import images and sound files already on your computer. ...
â¢http://www.giantscreamingrobotmonkeys.com/monkeyjam/about.html
⢠-MonkeyJam - Download
New Features Audio support for WAV and MP3 files. Audio scrubbing in Xsheet and Preview. Export AVI with audio. Dialog markup. Keyboard shortcuts (+/-,1-9) for changing image duration.
http://www.giantscreamingrobotmonkeys.com/monkeyjam/download.html

oâ¢
â¢Animation Software-3D animation-stop motion animation-claymation ...
Stop Motion Animation Software the teachers and the students love Monkey Jam . ...
http://www.adrianbruce.com/computers/animation-software.htm

Academy of Art University: Academy of Art University: Online classes
For Monkey Jam (the PC software) you can download a free copy that allows you to test your DSC. In both cases follow the read me and screen instructions ...
http://www.online.academyart.edu/classes/ILL2D/class_ill2d_180.html

Choosing a good way to start... [Archive] - AWN Forums
I've done a number of searches on 2d animation software and poured over the ... Monkey Jam is a free traditional animation program that the Founders of ...
http://www.forums.awn.com/archive/index.php/t-2533.html



MONKEY JAM | Mike Miloâs Journal
I found some really cool and free software for testing your animation. Whether it be stop motion or for actual drawn animation Monkey Jam software will let ...
http://www.blog.animationinsider.com/?p=12


MonkeyJam on Wakoopa - Software gone social
MonkeyJam. Overview ⢠Versions ⢠Reviews ⢠Users ⢠Teams. Software developed by GiantScreamingRobotMonkeys. Used for. 4 minutes and 25 seconds ...
http://www.wakoopa.com/software/monkeyjam
- 9k
: Freeware Animation Software by MonkeyJam- Links Directory
Freeware Animation Software by MonkeyJam. URL: http://www.giantscreamingrobotmonkeys.com/monkeyjam/download.html. Date Submitted: August 26, 2006 (Edited ...
http://www.resources.the-protagonist.com/link.php?action=detail&id=5708
- 7k
Lee Davis :: Weblog :: [from ewan.mcintosh] -- MonkeyJam - free ...
http://www.giantscreamingrobotmonkeys.com/monkeyjam/. Free online animation software. Keywords: Delicious network. Posted by Lee Davis ...
http://www.eduspaces.net/sivadeel/weblog/179576.html
-
stopmotionanimation.com forum - Viewing topic #3716 - Something ...
I doubt this works on that software - at least I wasn´t able to figure out how so far. Maybe contacting the Monkey jam creators would be the best way to ...
http://www.stopmotionanimation.com/dc/dcboard.php?az=show_topic&forum=8&topic_id=3716&mesg_id=3716.
.
MonkeyJam - Freeware HomeFree Software Downloads
MonkeyJam is a box full of digital monkeys that will let you get your drawings into the computer and then run around and stick them together so that you can ...
http://www.freewarehome.com/bx/index.php?action=vthread&forum=5&topic=1993
-

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HOW DO SD MEMORY CARDS FOR CAMERAS WORK (LARGE MEMORY)?

blondy2006

JUST CURIOUS ON HOW SD MEMORY CARDS WORK? IS IT THE MORE GB THE MORE IT HOLDS?? LIKE IS 8GB GOING TO HOLD MORE PICTURES THAN A 2GB?? I HAVE A SAMSUNG TL205 PLEASE HELP!!!

Answer
Memory Cards are storage devices that hold images and videos recorded using cameras. They are semiconductor flash devices that use electronic devices (transistors) to store data as series of high and low voltages, digitally referred to as 1 and 0 in binary logic. Memory cards are Random Access devices.

Higher the GB-rating of a memory card, more the number of electronic storage slots it has and therefore higher is its data/image/video storage capacity. A 1 or 0 mentioned above is referred to as a bit (b). 8 bits together form a byte (B). 1024 bytes together form what is called a kilobyte (KB). Thus 1 KB has 1024 bytes or 1024*8=8192 bits. Similarly, 1 MB has a capacity of over 1 million bytes, i.e.- 1 MB = 1024*1024 B. In the same way, 1 GB = 1024*1024*1024 B = 1073741824 B. So 1 GB has a capacity to store 1073741824 bytes or 1073741824*8 = 8589934592 bits.

In fundamental terms, 1 GB memory card has over 8.5 billion storage locations to data as high or low voltages digitally. Obviously a 8 GB card will have a higher capacity than 2 GB one due to 4 times more electronic devices for storage in it.

However, an SD card's GB-rating alone doesn't indicate the number of images/videos it can store. The image and video resolution and format too dictates it. The higher each image and video weighs, lesser the card's capacity becomes.

The same SD card when used in a low resolution camera, say 12.1 MP will store more number of images than in a high, say 14.2 MP camera. This is because with increasing resolution, the digital approximation generates more samples, resulting in smaller and hence greater number of pixels. As such for the same area of a photograph, there are more pixels in higher resolution and hence more digital samples/data to store on the SD card. More pixels ultimately lead to a clearer image. The same holds for videos too. The scanning technique- Interlaced or Progressive, and the resolution hold the key here. A 720p video is of inferior quality to a 1080p video. The same SD card will thus hold longer 720p videos than 1080p ones.

Image and video size is also dictated by formats used. The formats like JPG, MOV, MPEG, etc are what I mean here. These are compression algorithms that compress the voluminous digital data gathered from images and videos into compact files. Hence the need of codecs (to decompress) while opening a video! :) One particular format may compress the data more than other, increasing the number of images/videos per SD Card. However compression damages image/video quality. Panasonic cameras usually are known to occupy more per image than Canon/Nikon cameras.

Camera modes also dictate the size of each image/video and hence the number of data per SD Card. A 3D recording will cost more memory slots than a normal 2D one!

More from some expert on the subject. This was just a layman introduction from my side. :)

How are video games projected on screen?

Lp182

I know that we aren't actually looking at a constant moving video game and that all we are seeing are multiple frames per second. But how is it done? I'm just curious how they do it. And are video games only projected at 30 frames and 60 frames per second, or are there other # of frames that can be shown in a given second?

Answer
The numbers 30 and 60 are a side effect of the NTSC format of television. Even back in the black-and-white days of TV, NTSC was a 640X480 image, interlaced (draws all the odd lines in one pass, then draws all the even lines on the next), and operating at 60 Hz. It wasn't until about 10 years ago that consumers started seeing any change to this, when EDTVs came on the scene and changed the interlaced to Progressive Scan (all lines are drawn sequentially on each pass), and then HDTVs changing the image resolution. Very recently, sets that can do 120 Hz have come onto the market. In Europe, they uses the PAL format, which ran at 50 Hz, but switched to 60 Hz for HDTV to simplify things for TV manufacturers (who had started to sell sets in Europe that could handle both 50 Hz and 60 Hz).

So for the longest time, TVs were displaying 60 half-frames (due to interlacing). As such, having a game run at 60 Hz would result in slightly smoother animation, but a lot more processing power which could otherwise be used to enhance the detail. So typically 60 frames games were smoother, but 30 frames games were much more detailed. Any other rate, and you the smoothness will vary, which is rather jarring to the immersiveness factor.

All of this only applies to consoles, though, since PCs have always had monitors that could do a variety of framerates, and therfore their games always strived for the highest framerate possible (and where 60 Hz is on the far low end) and don't really worry about the framerate dipping at times. High end modern monitors can typically do at least 140 Hz, and some older games on new hardware can actually create several hundred frames per second if certain settings are disabled.

Regardless of PC or console, the same programming technique is used for creating the frames and managing the process of sending them to the screen. Each object is placed in position in a virtual 3D space in RAM, textures are applied (only if they are facing the virtual camera's location), the view from the virtual camera is established, and the objects that the camera can see are flattened into a 2D image. This whole process is called rendering.

Then, the rendered image is put into a piece of memory (usually in the graphics chip itself) that has been designated as a "frame". This frame is then sent to the TV/monitor, and as it is being sent, a second image is being rendered and put into a second "frame". Once the first frame has been sent to the screen completely, the second frame is designated as the primary frame, and a third image is rendered and overwrites the first frame. This process is called Frame Buffering.

PCs (and maybe HDMI TV connections, I'm not sure) have the capability of the monitor being able to send a signal back to the game program and tell it when a frame is done being drawn. This allows the game to not switch frames while it is being sent to the screen (vertical synch), preventing a top section of an image and a bottom section of the same image displayed not matching up, refered to as "tearing". Since consoles know what frequency the TV is operating at based on the region (or more recently in Europe, through an option in the settings for either the game or the system), they can simply use an internal timer as an artificial vertical synch.

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Android Apps / Games?

RestMyChem

What are the most surprising apps you have downloaded?
What are the ones you have been most satisfied with?

I'm running out of ideas. :)

Answer
FREE GAMES

lane splitter
cut the rope
a space shooter
alchemy
2 player reactor
pocket soccer
tank hero
noogra nuts
zenonia 3
yoo ninja
who becomes rich
fruit slice
angry birds
aliens invasion
bunny shooter
solitaire , minesweeper classic
virtual families
racing moto

FREE APPS

barcode scanner
mantano reader
skyfire browser
mozilla firefox browser
dolphin browser
opera browser
es file explorer
quick pic
go launcher
mediafire pro
marvel comics

PAID GAMES

pocket league story
grand prix story
hot springs story
game dev story
4 player reactor
apparatus
air control
atomic bomber
gurk 2
spectral souls symphony of eternity
field runners
robo defence
9mm hd
asphalt 6
wordfeud
spaghetti marshmellos
early bird
dragon fly full
doodle jump
Ground Effect Pro XHD
abduction 2
death worm
flying penguin
pollushot
trial x
robot unicorn attack
x construct
turbo fly 3d
sentinel 3
cyber lords arcology
super dynamite fishing
aporkalypse pigs of doom
puffle launch
refraction
archipelago
team lava games
g5 entertainment

PAID APPS

vignette
picsaypro
mvideoplayer
gameboid , nesoid , snesoid
akinator
talking tom
talking tom 2
swf player
poweramp video player
titanium backup
camera zoom fx
paper camera
soundhound
isyncr
spring zen hd
Pixlr-o-matic
Live Tv



all these games and apps were satisfying for me
hope you will like those too

What are some of the best FREE Android apps and games?

Lonelyg

And if there are any , what do they do or how would you rate them?

Answer
FREE GAMES

lane splitter
cut the rope
a space shooter
drag racing
alchemy
2 player reactor
pocket soccer
tank hero
noogra nuts
zenonia 3
yoo ninja
who becomes rich
fruit slice
angry birds
aliens invasion
bunny shooter
solitaire , minesweeper classic
virtual families
racing moto
alchemy
team lava games

FREE APPS

barcode scanner
mantano reader
skyfire browser
mozilla firefox browser
dolphin browser
opera browser
es file explorer
quick pic
go launcher
mediafire pro
marvel comics
Adobe Reader

PAID GAMES

pocket league story
grand prix story
hot springs story
game dev story
4 player reactor
apparatus
air control
atomic bomber
gurk 2
spectral souls symphony of eternity
field runners
robo defence
9mm hd
asphalt 6
wordfeud
spaghetti marshmallows
Minecraft - Pocket Edition
early bird
dragon fly full
doodle jump
Ground Effect Pro XHD
abduction 2
death worm
flying penguin
pollushot
trial x
robot unicorn attack
x construct
turbo fly 3d
sentinel 3
cyber lords arcology
super dynamite fishing
aporkalypse pigs of doom
puffle launch
refraction
archipelago
g5 entertainment
destroy gunners sp
doodle god

PAID APPS

vignette
picsaypro
mvideoplayer pro
gameboid , nesoid , snesoid
akinator
talking tom
talking tom 2
swf player
poweramp video player
titanium backup
camera zoom fx
paper camera
soundhound
isyncr
spring zen hd
Pixlr-o-matic
Beautiful Widgets
JuiceDefender Ultimate
set cpu
roku remote

to rate , go to market , rate 1- 5 stars and give your comment

http://www.apktop.com/

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3D laser scanner technology?

Desai

what are the different types of 3D laser scanner technologies ?

Answer
1. Contact
2. Non-contact - active scanner
3. Non-contact - passive scanner

Suggestions for a full body 3d scanner?

jefs_me

I'm working on a project that will require a fair bit of full body 3d scanning - hence I'll want a system of my own, rather than a service.
Requirements:
fast - under a minute
resolution - should not require resolution of detail below say 1/16th inch

I know reliable 3d scans require a longer scanning time, but for my purposes, it just needs to resolve the basic proportions of the body, not skin texture and wrinkles. Given how long the tech has been around, and that the emphasis has been on getting more detail, I can't help but think there must be a way to get a fast low-detail scan.

Any ideas?

Answer
I can help you. We are a 3D scanning services and product representation firm with over 16 years history and a wide depth of skills, experience, applications, and industries - including full body scanning. We keep up with all of the technologies out there that can perform scanning for all areas.

I have a variety of solutions for you ranging in all parameters you can think of: price, speed, portability, resolution, coverage, technology basis, etc.

Send an email directly and let's see what we can do.
Direct Dimensions, Inc.
www.directdimensions.com
info@dirdim.com

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What are really stupid or weird iphone or itouch apps?

lucy in th

there are more than 75,000. o.O anyway i need information on cell phones like where it all began (what inspired martin cooper to make the first cell phone) and why was it invented and how and all that
i still need iphone apps tho

Answer
Do your own research mate...

But here are some apps:

Favorites marked with a â.
Free apps marked with a â»

â¶Good for professional/school:

â¢Air Sharing â
â¢Alarm System â
â¢Color Splash
â¢Delivery Status touch â
â¢Dial Zero â â»
â¢eBay Mobile â»
â¢Facebook (&fun) â»
â¢Fake-a-call (&fun) â»
â¢Flashlight â â»
â¢Flight Track
â¢Graphing Calculator
â¢If Found â â»
â¢iRibbit â»
â¢Last.fm â»
â¢Linguo â
â¢Night Camera
â¢Police Scanner
â¢QuickTip â»
â¢RedLaser â
â¢Remote â»
â¢Shazam â â»
â¢Showtime â»
â¢Sportacular â â»
â¢Taxi!
â¢Units â»
â¢Vicinity
â¢The Weather Channel â â»
â¢Yellow Pages â â»

â¶Good for fun:

â¢Arcade Bowling Lite â»
â¢Blocked
â¢BlocksClassic Lite â»
â¢Bounce On
â¢Bubble Wrap â â»
â¢Cacha Mouse 2
â¢Cro-Mag Rally
â¢Cube Runner â â»
â¢Cube Runner II
â¢Dog Whistle Free â â»
â¢Enigmo
â¢Expando free â»
â¢F-MyLife â â»
â¢Face Melter
â¢Falling Balls â»
â¢Fieldrunners â
â¢Flick Fishing
â¢Flight Control â
â¢Flight of the Hamsters
â¢Flood It! â»
â¢Hanoi â»
â¢Hearing Test : Prank
â¢I Can Has Cheezeburger (FailBlog and associated sites) â â»
â¢iBeer
â¢iBowl â
â¢iCopter â
â¢iFart Mobile
â¢iHunt 3D
â¢Illusions Scream : Prank
â¢iShake
â¢Jellycar â â»
â¢Joost â â»
â¢Labyrinth Lite â»
â¢Laser Tag
â¢Light Bike â»
â¢Line Rider iRide
â¢Mark of Mafia â â»
â¢MazeFinger
â¢Mood Touch
â¢The Moron Test â
â¢Moto Chaser
â¢Ocarina
â¢Ow My Balls â
â¢Pac-Man Lite â»
â¢Paper Football â»
â¢PapiJump â»
â¢Pocked God â
â¢PocketGuitar
â¢reMovem â»
â¢Rollercoaster Rush â»
â¢Scribble Lite â»
â¢SGN Golf
â¢:Shift:
â¢Sol Free Solitaire â â»
â¢Sonic Boom
â¢SPACE DEADBEEF â»
â¢Spawn â â»
â¢StickWars
â¢StoneLoops â
â¢Stop It free â»
â¢Tap Tap Revenge â»
â¢Target Practice
â¢Tetris â
â¢Toobz
â¢Topple 2
â¢Touchgrind
â¢Tris â»
â¢Zombieville USA â
â¢21 Pro Blackjack - Free â»
â¢9000 Awesome Facts â

ipod/iphone apps......................?

sum1 u don

Have a favourite? or some you really like? or what do you have on your ipod touch/ iphone?
My List of Paid and free ones.

FREE

Tap Tap Revenge 3
google
google earth
Cut the rope holiday gift
Tap tap 4
cat translator
solitaire
knots
Rock band free
nin jump
Emoji Free
eBay
Skype
Dictionary!
Guess who
Wods with friends free
Betty White Quizzle
Miley Cyrus Quizzle
Taylor Swift Quizzle
Ke$ha Quizzle
Classic Movie Trivia
Celeb trivia
Picture...Lite
FAct or fiction
Movie Buff Lite
Talking John and John Bacteria
Talking Gugl
shut up button
Talking Roby
Free Books
3D classic literature
Beatrix Potter books collections
Classics to go
Animal Facts
Whats my age
Ancient Egyption Book of dead
Grimm Fairytales
Fairytales
Kissing test
Pacman lite
18 000 cool jokes free
horoscope
hangman
cat sounds
chicks
Fake Text
Pantie Scanner Lite
Bra Scanner lite
Funny Pix
Red Laser
Qik Crossword
Crossword Pro lite
Percentage calculator
iLook Gangsta
5000000 Retina Display Wallpapers
Animal Wallpapers
3D Wallpapers Lite
Four Free
MyFoodCalculator
Calorie Counter
WMITF
Froggy Jump
glow puzzle

PAID

icatPedia
Sims3 Ambitions
Sims 3 World Adventures
Cut the rope
Impossible quiz
Impossible quiz 2
Trivial Pursuit
Boulder Dash - Rocks!
Doodle Jump
The sims 3
I am T-Pain
Friends fan
Battle ship
Age me Premium
Bejeweld 2 + Blitz
Angry Birds
Angry Birds Seasons
Wheel of fortune
Cluedo
Yahtzee Adventures
I love lucy trivia
Elvis trivia
Classic Mastermind
Talking Larry the Bird
Talking Tomcat
Deal or No
Monopoly
Scrabble

VIDEOS

Carl Barron

SONGS

282

Answer
I like ovenbreak Infinity (paid) angry birds..(paid/free) 18,000 cool jokes (paid) Tip a cow, Fruit Ninja...

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NEED HELP on a Computer for Web Developer/Designer.?

Dr.True

I want a good computer that I can edit videos, music, images and other media. It does not have tobe the latest, or fastest as price is concern. I do have my eye on the IMAC 20inch, is this a good buy for what I want to do?

Answer
That is a good choice. If you already have a good monitor, you can get a Mac Mini. I have one, as well as an old blue&white G3 (which I keep around because I can hook up my scanner and THREE monitors at once!)

The new multi-core Intel machines are very, very fast. My Mini, a 1.66GHz Core Duo, works nine times faster than the old machine while performing raytraced 3D.

Mac OS X is also a system which is brilliant for coding back-end server code. If you interested in Ruby on Rails, I recommend Locomotive: a portable development environment for Rails. It makes things very easy indeed.

What's a good program for editing artwork on the computer?

Catiekat

I love to draw many things, animals, cartoons, but right now mainly manga style but what I want to know is what program I should get for coloring on the computer/editing my artwork. I'm more of a traditional artist but for my birthday I want a scanner and I'd like to edit my drawings a little. Make it stand out more, outline it, and maybe even color it. What has worked for you artists out there? Please give me reasons why this is a good program as well.

Here are some programs I've thought of so far:
-Photoshop
-Manga Studio
-Illustrator
-Paint Tool Sai

I'm NOT looking for the cheapest or most expensive. Just one that helps edit and outlines artwork really well. Coloring program with all the other stuff would be a bonus.

Thanks again ^_^
Also I don't mind paying for a program if that's what it takes to get good quality!!!

Answer
FREE software (No Animation):

http://www.getpaint.net/ (#1!! Very user friendly)
GIMPshop is available for many different operating systems, including Mac OS X, Windows 98+, Linux, and Solaris: http://gimpshop.com/
Free VCW VicManâs Photo Editor: http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/5-free-alternatives-photoshop/
Free Web Photo Album: http://www.vicman.net/installed.php?Title=Web%20Photo%20Album&Version=1.2
Pos Free Photo Editor: http://www.photopos.com/Pos-Free-Photo-Editor.asp

22 Awesome Adobe AIR Applications for Designers: http://sixrevisions.com/tools/22-awesome-adobe-air-applications-for-designers/

Photo! 3D Album: http://pho.to/album3d/

Inkscape (Very good for vectored graphics and free) Windows and Mac: http://www.inkscape.org/download/

MyPaint: http://mypaint.intilinux.com/

10 Free Web-based Alternatives to Photoshop: http://www.lifeclever.com/10-free-web-based-alternatives-to-photoshop/

More...

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Linux OS - where to get it, what version is the best, is it free?, etc.?

doruletz19

I've heard so many good things about Linux OS. Specially about the far superior safety compared to any Windows. Please advise on where to get it, what version is the best, is it free?, etc.

Answer
By far, Mandriva Linux is still the best for new users; Ubuntu *will be* in a year or so. *Or* try Linux Mint, which is based on Ubuntu, with small but important further feature; Mandriva One free edition came with official driver for graphic card and other goods like firmware for ADSL modems, etc; Ubuntu, Kubuntu and Xubuntu are similar aout installation; compared to Mandriva One, they don't support 3D desktop (you can add it by following instructions, later, but that's not a good welcome for a beginner...), some minor issue (my HP scanner/printer was ready to works on Mandriva, I had to do nothing, while on Ubuntu I had to choose "Add printer" after the installation) and no closed source driver or firmware (you can install later, if needed). Linux Mint compared to Ubuntu and Mandriva came with multimedia codecs (again, you can install later on the other two) and, more important, offer you a Control Center (based on OpenSuSE one): Mandriva Control Center is the best, very useful and easy to use; Ubuntu still miss a Control Center, that's very bad for newbies...
Mandriva 2007 free on one dvd or four cd is like Mandriva One but no official driver, firmware and 3D ready desktop.
Mandriva One, Ubuntu, Mint are "live cd", meaning they will work without installing them on the hard disk (if your ram is enough, I suggest at least 256 mb), you can try them (of course they'll be slower) and if you like, click on "install" option, which is almost full automatic.
Mandriva free dvd or four cd and Ubuntu cd labeled as "alternate" are not live, they must be installed the old way: when your pc boot, you'll see the installer: this way, Mandriva is way easier then Ubuntu.

Just one link, with a lot of link: http://www.distrowatch.org

What Linux distrobution is your favourite and why?

Carson Ros

I have CentOs 5.4 on one desktop system, 2 CentOS servers- 1 running asterisk and 1 running the SQL and Apache for the dialer. I have 3 Ubuntu 9.10 desktops, 1 Fedora 12 Desktop and my laptop has Ubuntu 9.10 x64.... only because I couldnt get my ATI card to work right with Fedora's KDE for some reason. Even in Ubuntu, I have to use Gnome for the dual monitor display to work correctly.

What is your favorite distro and why?

Answer
Ubuntu

Reasons
1) It just works. I haven't had to fiddle around to get hardware to work since Intrepid, except when testing alpha versions. The installer is easy and slick. Everything has worked right out of the box on both new installs as well as dist-upgrades, including sound, 3D graphics, printers, wifi, bluetooth, and webcams. In fact I still can't get Bluetooth to work on XP/Vista and my HP MFD won't work(the scanner part anyway) since I lost the driver CD; both of these have worked out of the box with Ubuntu since Gutsy. I didn't even run into any of the Intel graphics issues that so many were talking about in Jaunty.

2) Excellent seamless upgrade process, and a regular release schedule for new versions. The update manager is excellent and easy to use. Plus the advantages of APT and Synaptic coupled with the deb format, thanks to Ubuntu's Debian roots.

3) The best feature- great documentation, and exceptional community support at ubuntuforums.

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How can I scan a picture off of a wall?

lovelylady

My bf and I are moving out of our home and he has lived there for years. Well he's had many parties and a BUNCH of friends left signatures on his bathroom wall. Unfortunately a group of his friends died and he refuses to paint over it. Is there a way you can scan or copy the wall so we can have it saved? I would just take a picture but its all over and its on all sides of the walls. I heard there is a handheld scanner you can get to print or save to your computers. Anybody know where? or what they're called?

Answer
Not even sure if they're available anymore--handheld scanners. Googled and found some--"Handheld document scanners"--but they're way expensive. ($500+) At that price, you're better off cutting out that section of the wall and then plastering it (or re-drywall). The cost of repairing a small hole is under $20...tools and materials included.

If you go that route...here's a good tutorial on drywall repair.

http://www.easy2diy.com/cm/easy/diy_ht_3d_index.asp?page_id=35750435

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What animal has the strongest bite in the world?

John W

They said on Dirty Jobs that the alligator turtle has the 2nd strongest bite in the world, but what has the strongest bite?
Ali gators and Crocodiles have a very strong bite, so do Hippos. But is it one of those animals or is there something with a stronger bite?

Answer
GREAT white sharks really do have the meanest jaws on the planet, say experts.
The fierce ocean predators have a bite force of about 1.8 tonnes - that's 20 times more powerful than humans.
Even a large African lion, with a bite force of 560g, can't compare with the shark's massive mouth.
Scientists used the latest X-ray and scanner technology for their research.
The team at the University of New South Wales made 3D models of the skull of an 8ft male great white using images from a CT scanner.
They digitally "crash tested" their computer model to simulate different scenarios and reveal the powerful bite of the fearsome predator.
The experts also worked out the complex distributions of stresses and strains that these forces impose on the shark's jaws.
But even the great white seems small fry when compared with the carcharodon megalodon. Dubbed Big Tooth, it was a prehistoric shark that was 53ft long and had a bite of around 18 tonnes.
It hunted large whales by biting off their tail and flippers before feeding at will.
By comparison, T-Rex could only manage a bite force of around 3.1 tonnes.
Steve Wroe, the study's lead author, said: "Pound for pound, the great white's bite is not particularly impressive but the sheer size of the animal means that it tops the scales.
"It must also be remembered that its extremely sharp serrated teeth require relatively little force to drive them through thick skin, fat and muscle.
"Nature has endowed this carnivore with more than enough bite force to kill and eat large and potentially dangerous prey."
Great whites can grow to about 20 feet in length and live for 30-40 years.

Hope it helps you!

What can I use to cast a mold from stone without hurting the stone?

disciple

I'm new to this, but does anyone know what medium I would use to make a mold from a stone. In other words, There is an old building with a beautiful design sculpted in to it. I want to copy this design. I know there is a material out there that I can press against the original design and make a mold of it and then cast the design in plaster. I just don't know what material I would use to do this without hurting the stone.... Help!!!

Answer
I think the sculpey or any clay will work. If you use normal clay, any residue left will dissolve in the next rain, just don't use brown clay on light stone... if you use water based clay you would have to cast your plaster into the mold while the clay is still wet.
As the clay won't be very stable just on its own, you should consider making a mother mold on top of that. That is a hard shell, which just gives support to the soft part of your mold so it doesn't deform. It depends on the size of what you want to copy if you need it. You could make the mothermold from plaster bandages, but don't put plaster directly on the stone.
Before you start, consider carefully the shape of what you want to copy and where undercuts are and where you have to put in parting lines. What technique you use for mold making really depends on the exact shape of what you want to copy. If the structure is something complicated, you may want to practice how to make molds from more simple structures first so you are aware what causes problems and get some experience in how to solve them.

Another completely contact free method is if you happen to be at a university where they have a 3D laser scanning camera you can borrow, you could use the 3D laser scanner then make a model of your structure in the computer from the scans. That you could print out using a 3D printer. that way you can scale the model to any size (though anything large will be expensive to print)

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how do i change a file into a ppf file?

batterbee@

Answer
Do you mean:
Pathtrace Part Format --used by EdgeCam Cad/Cam
or
PointScape 3D laser scanner Project File
or
Picture Publisher File -- used by Micrografx
or
Soft Plastic Preset File -- used by Paint Shop Pro
or
Playstation Patch File -- used by Playstation?
or
Pinnacle Program File -- used by Turtle Beach

How do u measure a fish's volume?

couturechi

besides using displacement?

Answer
thats probablly the only way possible....
unless you know the density of the fish: you could work it backward, yet it's highly unpractical due to the fact that different fish have different densities..

i mean, you could scan it using a 3D laser scanner and plot it in a CAD program..... but thats a waste of time.

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Hand drawn 2-d Animation?

Isabella

Hi, I recently got interested in making my own hand drawn 2-d animation and I have lots of questions. I am buying supplies tomorrow, Paper, scanner, peg board etc. But I'm not sure what type/size paper to buy. Or what sort of pencils I am to use on the paper. One of my biggest questions concerns the peg board. I've looked online and they are all very expensive! Is there any why I can make my own Or buy a less expensive one at a place Like Office Max, Staples, Michael etc?? Lots of details about the peg board or any tips on anything else will be appreciated!

Answer
Hello and welcome to the most time consuming, frustrating and rewarding form of artistic expression! Don't get distracted by all the different supplies - a poor workman blames his tools. The supplies don't matter a pair of dingos kidneys - it's what you DO with what you've got that makes it work.

But, before you go investing in a whole bunch of crap, do a little mental check with yourself - do you start projects and carry them ALL THE WAY THROUGH to the finish? Do you have the patience to sit still for several hours, doing the same task over and over again? And finally, do you have another source of income to support your 'habit' (live with parents, have a 'real job', etc.)?

Now - in reference to your questions regarding paper and peg boards. What you're trying to do is traditional 'analogue' animation. A craft in itself, this process removes most of the expensive digital equipment from start up costs. A short explanation about a 'peg board' - the pegs keep the papers in the exact alignment from one drawing to the next to ensure proper registration when all the drawings are played back. Because the purpose is only registration, anything that makes sure the paper is in line with all the other pages will work - I used two pieces of masking tape perpendicular to each other and butted the corner of the paper between them. A simple way to create a peg board is to take an old 3 ring binder and then uses punched pages. The paper has a bit of give when on the rings, but if you do that along with the tape process, you'll be just fine. But, you can ditch all that and just tap the pages together, if you want to just get started! That doesn't work for really long projects, but you shouldn't be doing anything more than 100 or 200 sheets at the beginning.

The thing you REALLY should buy as opposed to a peg board is a light table. This helps you see the drawings below the one you're currently working on. If you don't use a light table, you'll need to do everything with tracing paper.

The final step on your analog process does require digital intervention. Once you have all the drawings done, you need to put them all together so they can be seen as a video. You can scan them, or shoot them with a digital still camera. You can use a digital video camera, but most have a 3 to 6 second standard still frame length. That will require additional editing to remove during assembly.

So, you either scan or shoot your frames, and then you need to put them all in order, one after another. For this, you'll need a computer with some type of simple video editing software. Of course, this gets you into the crazy world of frame rates and frame sizes. As you start out, use 12 FPS and 720 x 480 for your frame size and you'll be fine. There are a million other options, which you'll learn about as you go.

Of course - if you don't have access to ANY digital devices, you can always ship your drawings off to a post production / CD duplication company and have them assemble it for you. But, for how much that costs, you can get a cheap laptop and do it yourself.

What I've told you here is the VERY VERY tippy top of the iceberg. There's so much more, a lifetime of information about 2D animation. Unfortunately, 2D is considered a 'dying art' - being replaced by 3D at every turn. So, of course I'm very excited that you're thinking about getting into it! There are a lot of great resources out there if you're looking to talk to people about your projects and ideas. If you're on Facebook, check out the groups '2D Animation' and 'Independent Animation'. A good blog to start following is 'Cartoon Brew' and the best resource for anything related to the field of animation is 'AWN: Animation World Network'.

Three books you need in your library if you decide to take this on: 1) The Illusion of Life 2) The Animators Survival Kit and 3) The Animation Book. The 'Drawn to Life' series is excellent, too.

But, regardless of everything I've said here - the FIRST step, once you finish reading this post, get a little pack of post it notes or a small notepad, a #2 pencil, and animate something. A bouncing ball, a creeping worm, a waving line, a blooming flower. Anything. Don't worry if anyone will see it, don't worry if it's good enough, don't worry how long it takes. Completely INDULGE yourself in the process, wallow in it, absorb it, explore it. What does the line look like one frame to the next? Can you make the movement really really slow? Really really fast? How much detail do you need from drawing to drawing? Does your back hurt when you're done, and what is better posture so you can sit for a really long time without discomfort? Did you find the experience enjoyable at all? You'll learn more from doing it than what anyone can tell you.

Good luck!

I want to get more into digital art, need tips?

Dani

Okay so I've decided that I want to get more serious about digital art than the cool yet limited app I have on my Nintendo 3DS... where's the best place to start?

Does everyone use photoshop, or are there special programs made just for artwork? I'm assuming there are, and if so which one would you recommend? I'm willing to purchase it if it's really good.

What would be the best drawing tablet to purchase?

Any other useful tips for someone wanting to start getting more into digital art?

Thanks in advance :)
By digital art, since I know that covers a ride range of things, I do not mean editing others photos or my own. I want to create things from scratch. I have a full sketchbook of things like portraits and landscapes, so I would like to continue that only... digitally. :)

Answer
Here are some things that might help you get started with illustration and design:

Free:
- Gimp (download, similar to Photoshop)
- Inkscape (download, similar to Illustrator)
- Lunapic (online, similar to Photoshop)
- Pixlr (online, similar to Photoshop)
- Blender (download, similar to Maya, a 3d design program)
- Autodesk Sketchbook Express (download, similar to Corel painter)
------> Autodesk software is available for free for students at:
------> http://students.autodesk.com/?nd=download_center

Paid:
- Photoshop (Photoshop elements is a cheaper alternative, it comes free with some tablets)
- Illustrator
- Corel Painter (you can get a free version of painter with certain tablets)
- Sketchbook Pro 6 (similar to Corel Painter)


Best drawing tablet: wacom intuos4 small (for beginners, try ebay for the cheapest). I've used wacom bamboo fun before as a starter tablet I was 100% disappointed and would not suggest if even as a starter tablet. There is a newer version of the intros, intuos5 but the new additions are really not worth the upgrade cost. There is a big difference between the 3 and 4 though so I'd go with the 4. The 3 is heavier, old, and clunky.

I use a tablet for everything and I noticed if you use it for long periods of time you might have wrist pain from your lower hand hitting a desk as you use it. What I use to save my hand is a thin glove without fingers. They are really cheap and normally around $2-3 for a pair. Sometimes I put tissues on the part of the glove that hits a desk for extra padding so I can use a tablet for many hours without having a bruised hand.

It sounds like you are interested in digital illustration. You might like Photoshop or Corel painter best. Illustrator is more technical and can be hard to be more free with. It is a great program but not the best for detailed illustration like landscapes. It is better for making things like logos, clip art. Both photoshop and Corel are pretty expensive for full versions but there is a big difference between the cheaper versions and the full versions.

Of all of the programs listed, Photoshop is probably your best bet, the full version, not elements. I wouldn't waste money on elements, I'd use it if you have a free copy from buying a tablet but it isn't worth buying in my opinion. Try out some of the free programs above if you can't get the paid version of photoshop. The downloadable ones are best for long projects because you could lose your work if you work online. I'd suggest Gimp and Adobe Sketchbook Express to start with. If you cannot get a student license for a free version of sketchbook, amazon sells it as Sketchbook Pro 6 for around $20-40 depending on who you buy it from. It is a larger version of the program with more options that is relatively cheap. A great option to Corel Painter if you don't want quite so many options (it sells for about $70 on amazon).

Other things that might help:
- a scanner
- a camera/phone for pictures of 2d art
- tripod for taking good pictures with camera
- Staedtler pigment liner markers (these are very expensive, roughly $10-15 for 4 but they are very good quality and should last awhile, great for inking drawings for good scans digitally)
- Prismacolor Turquoise soft pencils (for 2d work to scan, best pencils I've used so far, I've tried a lot of brands)
- Prismacolor Turqoise medium pencils
- Staedtler White eraser (I use these all of the time, and they are great! Best eraser I've used so far.)
- Staedtler white eraser pencil toppers (these are hard to find but also great)
- Zebra drift 0.5mm lead mechanical pencils (larger mechanical pencil)
- Pentel 0.7 mm lead mechanical pencil (regular mechanical pencil, my favorite kind)

Generally for 2d supplies, Staedtler, Prismacolor, Pentel, and Zebra are really good. My mechanical pencils are all japanese, they seem to be the best quality. I actually got them from a college book store that sell supplies for 5 for $1. Generally they are about $2-4 a piece though. Staedtler's stuff if German and known for high quality drafting supplies. Prismacolor is made in Mexico (at least the Turquoise pencils, they are very expensive but I've used the cheaper ones and they just aren't the same. Drawing smudge a lot with the cheap ones and aren't as dark. The cheap brands look 'fuzzy' a lot. The best place for most of these is either local 3rd party supply stores, not chains, or ebay. Amazon is pretty high with shipping.

Have fun! :D

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