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I'm new to this, but does anyone know what medium I would use to make a mold from a stone. In other words, There is an old building with a beautiful design sculpted in to it. I want to copy this design. I know there is a material out there that I can press against the original design and make a mold of it and then cast the design in plaster. I just don't know what material I would use to do this without hurting the stone.... Help!!!
Answer
I think the sculpey or any clay will work. If you use normal clay, any residue left will dissolve in the next rain, just don't use brown clay on light stone... if you use water based clay you would have to cast your plaster into the mold while the clay is still wet.
As the clay won't be very stable just on its own, you should consider making a mother mold on top of that. That is a hard shell, which just gives support to the soft part of your mold so it doesn't deform. It depends on the size of what you want to copy if you need it. You could make the mothermold from plaster bandages, but don't put plaster directly on the stone.
Before you start, consider carefully the shape of what you want to copy and where undercuts are and where you have to put in parting lines. What technique you use for mold making really depends on the exact shape of what you want to copy. If the structure is something complicated, you may want to practice how to make molds from more simple structures first so you are aware what causes problems and get some experience in how to solve them.
Another completely contact free method is if you happen to be at a university where they have a 3D laser scanning camera you can borrow, you could use the 3D laser scanner then make a model of your structure in the computer from the scans. That you could print out using a 3D printer. that way you can scale the model to any size (though anything large will be expensive to print)
I think the sculpey or any clay will work. If you use normal clay, any residue left will dissolve in the next rain, just don't use brown clay on light stone... if you use water based clay you would have to cast your plaster into the mold while the clay is still wet.
As the clay won't be very stable just on its own, you should consider making a mother mold on top of that. That is a hard shell, which just gives support to the soft part of your mold so it doesn't deform. It depends on the size of what you want to copy if you need it. You could make the mothermold from plaster bandages, but don't put plaster directly on the stone.
Before you start, consider carefully the shape of what you want to copy and where undercuts are and where you have to put in parting lines. What technique you use for mold making really depends on the exact shape of what you want to copy. If the structure is something complicated, you may want to practice how to make molds from more simple structures first so you are aware what causes problems and get some experience in how to solve them.
Another completely contact free method is if you happen to be at a university where they have a 3D laser scanning camera you can borrow, you could use the 3D laser scanner then make a model of your structure in the computer from the scans. That you could print out using a 3D printer. that way you can scale the model to any size (though anything large will be expensive to print)
In what ways do robots help humans?
In what ways? do they make our jobs easier. and how do they help us
Answer
Contemporary uses
Main articles: Industrial robot and Domestic robot
Robots can be placed into roughly two classifications based on the type of job they do. The first category includes tasks which a robot can do better than a human. Here, robots can increase productivity, accuracy, and endurance. The second category consists of dirty, dangerous or dull jobs where it is desirable to replace human labor with robotics.
[edit] Increased productivity, accuracy, and endurance
A Pick and Place robot in a factory
Many factory jobs are now performed by robots. This has led to cheaper mass-produced goods, including automobiles and electronics. Stationary manipulators used in factories have become the largest market for robots. In 2006, there were an estimated 3,540,000 service robots in use, and an estimated 950,000 industrial robots. [35] A different estimate counted more than one million robots in operation worldwide in the first half of 2008, with roughly half in Asia, 32% in Europe, 16% in North America, 1% in Australasia and 1% in Africa.[36]
Some examples of factory robots:
* Car production: Over the last three decades automobile factories have become dominated by robots. A typical factory contains hundreds of industrial robots working on fully automated production lines, with one robot for every ten human workers. On an automated production line, a vehicle chassis on a conveyor is welded, glued, painted and finally assembled at a sequence of robot stations.
* Packaging: Industrial robots are also used extensively for palletizing and packaging of manufactured goods, for example for rapidly taking drink cartons from the end of a conveyor belt and placing them into boxes, or for loading and unloading machining centers.
* Electronics: Mass-produced printed circuit boards (PCBs) are almost exclusively manufactured by pick-and-place robots, typically with SCARA manipulators, which remove tiny electronic components from strips or trays, and place them on to PCBs with great accuracy.[37] Such robots can place hundreds of thousands of components per hour, far out-performing a human in speed, accuracy, and reliability.[38]
Automated guided vehicle carrying medical supplies and records
* Automated guided vehicles (AGVs): Mobile robots, following markers or wires in the floor, or using vision[39] or lasers, are used to transport goods around large facilities, such as warehouses, container ports, or hospitals.[40]
*
o Early AGV-Style Robots were limited to tasks that could be accurately defined and had to be performed the same way every time. Very little feedback or intelligence was required, and the robots needed only the most basic exteroceptors (sensors). The limitations of these AGVs are that their paths are not easily altered and they cannot alter their paths if obstacles block them. If one AGV breaks down, it may stop the entire operation.
*
o Interim AGV-Technologies developed that deploy triangulation from beacons or bar code grids for scanning on the floor or ceiling. In most factories, triangulation systems tend to require moderate to high maintenance, such as daily cleaning of all beacons or bar codes. Also, if a tall pallet or large vehicle blocks beacons or a bar code is marred, AGVs may become lost. Often such AGVs are designed to be used in human-free environments.
*
o Newer AGVs such as the Speci-Minder,[41] ADAM, [42] Tug[43] and PatrolBot Gofer[44] are designed for people-friendly workspaces. They navigate by recognizing natural features. 3D scanners or other means of sensing the environment in two or three dimensions help to eliminate cumulative errors in dead-reckoning calculations of the AGV's current position. Some AGVs can create maps of their environment using scanning lasers with simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) and use those maps to navigate in real time with other path planning and obstacle avoidance algorithms. They are able to operate in complex environments and perform non-repetitive and non-sequential tasks such as transporting photomasks in a semiconductor lab, specimens in hospitals and goods in warehouses. For dynamic areas, such as warehouses full of pallets, AGVs require additional strategies. Only a few vision-augmented systems currently claim to be able to navigate reliably in such environments.
[edit] Dirty, dangerous, dull or inaccessible tasks
A U.S. Marine Corps technician prepares to use a telerobot to detonate a buried improvised explosive device near Camp Fallujah, Iraq
There are many jobs which humans would rather leave to robots. The job may be boring, such as domestic cleaning, or dangerous, such as exploring inside a volcano.[45] Other jobs are physically inaccessible, such as exploring another planet,[46] cleaning the inside of a long pipe, or performing laparoscopic surgery.[47]
* Telerobots: When a human cannot be present on site to perform a job because
Contemporary uses
Main articles: Industrial robot and Domestic robot
Robots can be placed into roughly two classifications based on the type of job they do. The first category includes tasks which a robot can do better than a human. Here, robots can increase productivity, accuracy, and endurance. The second category consists of dirty, dangerous or dull jobs where it is desirable to replace human labor with robotics.
[edit] Increased productivity, accuracy, and endurance
A Pick and Place robot in a factory
Many factory jobs are now performed by robots. This has led to cheaper mass-produced goods, including automobiles and electronics. Stationary manipulators used in factories have become the largest market for robots. In 2006, there were an estimated 3,540,000 service robots in use, and an estimated 950,000 industrial robots. [35] A different estimate counted more than one million robots in operation worldwide in the first half of 2008, with roughly half in Asia, 32% in Europe, 16% in North America, 1% in Australasia and 1% in Africa.[36]
Some examples of factory robots:
* Car production: Over the last three decades automobile factories have become dominated by robots. A typical factory contains hundreds of industrial robots working on fully automated production lines, with one robot for every ten human workers. On an automated production line, a vehicle chassis on a conveyor is welded, glued, painted and finally assembled at a sequence of robot stations.
* Packaging: Industrial robots are also used extensively for palletizing and packaging of manufactured goods, for example for rapidly taking drink cartons from the end of a conveyor belt and placing them into boxes, or for loading and unloading machining centers.
* Electronics: Mass-produced printed circuit boards (PCBs) are almost exclusively manufactured by pick-and-place robots, typically with SCARA manipulators, which remove tiny electronic components from strips or trays, and place them on to PCBs with great accuracy.[37] Such robots can place hundreds of thousands of components per hour, far out-performing a human in speed, accuracy, and reliability.[38]
Automated guided vehicle carrying medical supplies and records
* Automated guided vehicles (AGVs): Mobile robots, following markers or wires in the floor, or using vision[39] or lasers, are used to transport goods around large facilities, such as warehouses, container ports, or hospitals.[40]
*
o Early AGV-Style Robots were limited to tasks that could be accurately defined and had to be performed the same way every time. Very little feedback or intelligence was required, and the robots needed only the most basic exteroceptors (sensors). The limitations of these AGVs are that their paths are not easily altered and they cannot alter their paths if obstacles block them. If one AGV breaks down, it may stop the entire operation.
*
o Interim AGV-Technologies developed that deploy triangulation from beacons or bar code grids for scanning on the floor or ceiling. In most factories, triangulation systems tend to require moderate to high maintenance, such as daily cleaning of all beacons or bar codes. Also, if a tall pallet or large vehicle blocks beacons or a bar code is marred, AGVs may become lost. Often such AGVs are designed to be used in human-free environments.
*
o Newer AGVs such as the Speci-Minder,[41] ADAM, [42] Tug[43] and PatrolBot Gofer[44] are designed for people-friendly workspaces. They navigate by recognizing natural features. 3D scanners or other means of sensing the environment in two or three dimensions help to eliminate cumulative errors in dead-reckoning calculations of the AGV's current position. Some AGVs can create maps of their environment using scanning lasers with simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) and use those maps to navigate in real time with other path planning and obstacle avoidance algorithms. They are able to operate in complex environments and perform non-repetitive and non-sequential tasks such as transporting photomasks in a semiconductor lab, specimens in hospitals and goods in warehouses. For dynamic areas, such as warehouses full of pallets, AGVs require additional strategies. Only a few vision-augmented systems currently claim to be able to navigate reliably in such environments.
[edit] Dirty, dangerous, dull or inaccessible tasks
A U.S. Marine Corps technician prepares to use a telerobot to detonate a buried improvised explosive device near Camp Fallujah, Iraq
There are many jobs which humans would rather leave to robots. The job may be boring, such as domestic cleaning, or dangerous, such as exploring inside a volcano.[45] Other jobs are physically inaccessible, such as exploring another planet,[46] cleaning the inside of a long pipe, or performing laparoscopic surgery.[47]
* Telerobots: When a human cannot be present on site to perform a job because
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Title Post: What can I use to cast a mold from stone without hurting the stone?
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Author: Yukie
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Rating: 100% based on 99998 ratings. 5 user reviews.
Author: Yukie
Thanks For Coming To My Blog
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