Posts
3d scanner companies image
potter
hi, i am thinking about getting a new laptop and i am stuck between vista and mac i only have about 600-700 pounds to spend baring in mined that i will be using it for internet and gaming mostly. can anyone help me
Answer
First - you can't find an Apple really at that price. I mean, a low end MacBook - maybe?
Second - it depends.
You have to decide what YOU want best.
Leopard and Vista both have bugs that both companies need to work out - I have used both. Leopard caused me more problems at start - tried it when it came out. I chose to go with Vista when SP1 came out because that's usually when MS starts getting the really bad things done.
Anyhow... some Pros and Cons
Mac - If you aren't really computer-savvy Macs are great. Their interface is designed to be pretty simple and stuff. They have some neat little graphical features but so does Vista now. In terms of design - the differences aren't enough to scream about.
Some of the programs offered with Mac people swear by - iPhoto, and that kind of stuff. But Windows has an equivalent for everything.
Vista - It is still a great interface and now kind of similar to Mac (I won't lie they got some influence from Mac) and in my opinion is easier to control stuff. I like being able to scan my computer and defragment my hard drive to create more room. If you know what this is - you probably want Vista.
Don't be fooled by the "Windows gets viruses and Macs don't." While it is unlikely that a Mac will get a virus - they DO get them and it is happened more often. A friend of ours got a Trojan that prevented him from doing ANYTHING on the internet (auto sent him to a different site) and because he didn't have a virus scanner or anything like that he had to completely wipe the hard drive. I like that Windows has stuff available for me to prevent that - while Mac just says they don't get viruses and tries to avoid a problem that is biting at their tails.
The other things is A LOT of programs do not run on Macintosh - meaning games, 3D modeling stuff - and what not. What you should do is check the applications you want to run and make sure they are available on the operating system you want.
People are die hard Windows and die hard Mac fans - there is a lot of animosity between the two communities out there. Don't judge on people's angry views - I mean I can be a bit angry.
Mac and Vista both have their ups and downs. Mostly these factors should help you decide:
-What programs you want to run and if they are available on the OS you choose?
-What design you like better? If you are used to XP, Leopard will be a big jump for you.
-What does the computer you are looking at run? What computer is in your price range? A Mac might not be best because you can get faster/bigger HD in a laptop running Vista. This is really up to you.
Don't judge on the stupid Mac commericials or the pointless Microsoft commercials (I hate both of them.) Just go with what you like the best.
By the way - games on Mac don't come out very often. Usually a year or more after the PC version.
If you wanna play Warhammer Online like I did - get a Vista laptop.
First - you can't find an Apple really at that price. I mean, a low end MacBook - maybe?
Second - it depends.
You have to decide what YOU want best.
Leopard and Vista both have bugs that both companies need to work out - I have used both. Leopard caused me more problems at start - tried it when it came out. I chose to go with Vista when SP1 came out because that's usually when MS starts getting the really bad things done.
Anyhow... some Pros and Cons
Mac - If you aren't really computer-savvy Macs are great. Their interface is designed to be pretty simple and stuff. They have some neat little graphical features but so does Vista now. In terms of design - the differences aren't enough to scream about.
Some of the programs offered with Mac people swear by - iPhoto, and that kind of stuff. But Windows has an equivalent for everything.
Vista - It is still a great interface and now kind of similar to Mac (I won't lie they got some influence from Mac) and in my opinion is easier to control stuff. I like being able to scan my computer and defragment my hard drive to create more room. If you know what this is - you probably want Vista.
Don't be fooled by the "Windows gets viruses and Macs don't." While it is unlikely that a Mac will get a virus - they DO get them and it is happened more often. A friend of ours got a Trojan that prevented him from doing ANYTHING on the internet (auto sent him to a different site) and because he didn't have a virus scanner or anything like that he had to completely wipe the hard drive. I like that Windows has stuff available for me to prevent that - while Mac just says they don't get viruses and tries to avoid a problem that is biting at their tails.
The other things is A LOT of programs do not run on Macintosh - meaning games, 3D modeling stuff - and what not. What you should do is check the applications you want to run and make sure they are available on the operating system you want.
People are die hard Windows and die hard Mac fans - there is a lot of animosity between the two communities out there. Don't judge on people's angry views - I mean I can be a bit angry.
Mac and Vista both have their ups and downs. Mostly these factors should help you decide:
-What programs you want to run and if they are available on the OS you choose?
-What design you like better? If you are used to XP, Leopard will be a big jump for you.
-What does the computer you are looking at run? What computer is in your price range? A Mac might not be best because you can get faster/bigger HD in a laptop running Vista. This is really up to you.
Don't judge on the stupid Mac commericials or the pointless Microsoft commercials (I hate both of them.) Just go with what you like the best.
By the way - games on Mac don't come out very often. Usually a year or more after the PC version.
If you wanna play Warhammer Online like I did - get a Vista laptop.
Does anyone know anything about x-ray microtomography?
Clark H
Hello! Please help me and my group with our assignment at uni! We have been asked to write a 3-page essay about x-ray microtomography. But it seems rather difficult to find information about that topic on the internet and in published texts. We would like any information available! Thanks a lot!
Answer
Microtomography, like tomography, uses x-rays to create cross-sections of a 3D-object that later can be used to recreate a virtual model without destroying the original model. The term micro is used to indicate that the pixel sizes of the cross-sections are in the micrometer range. This also means that the machine is much smaller in design compared to the human version and is used to model smaller objects.
These scanners are typically used for small animals (in-vivo scanners), biomedical samples, foods, microfossils, and other studies for which minute detail is desired.
The first X-ray microtomography system was conceived and built by Jim Elliott in the early 1980s. The first published X-ray microtomographic images were reconstructed slices of a small tropical snail, with pixel size about 50 micrometers. (JC Elliott and SD Dover. X-ray microtomography. J. Microscopy 126, 211-213, 1982.)
In 2005, Skyscan, a company that produces scientific instruments, introduced a nano-ct scanner, introducing the concept of Nanotomography. Other companies producing such scanners include Xradia for materials and semiconductor applications and Scanco Medical AG for medical applications.
Working principle
* Imaging system
Fan beam reconstruction
The fan-beam system is based on a 1-dimensional x-ray detector and an electronic x-ray source, creating 2-dimensional cross-sections of the object. Typically used in human Computed tomography systems.
Cone beam reconstruction
The cone-beam system is based on a 2-dimensional x-ray detector (camera) and an electronic x-ray source, creating projection images that later will be used to reconstruct the image cross-sections.
* Sample holder system
The sample stays still, and the camera and electronic x-ray source rotates.
This is best used for in-vivo animal scans, and other situations where the sample should remain unmoving, but is more expensive.
E.g.SkyScan-1076 or SkyScan-1078 or Scanco VivaCT 40 scanners for sample details.
The sample rotates, and the camera and electronic x-ray source stays still.
Much cheaper to build, since moving the sample requires fewer components than moving the camera and the electronic x-ray source.
* Open/Closed systems
Open x-ray system
In an open system, x-rays may escape or leak out, thus the operator must stay behind a shield, have special protective clothing, or operate the scanner from a distance or a different room. Typical examples of these scanners are the human versions, or designed for big objects.
E.g. Scanco medical XtremeCT scanner.
Closed x-ray system
In a closed system, x-ray shielding is put around the scanner so the operator can put the scanner on his desk or special table. Although the scanner is shielded, care must be taken and the operator usually carries a dose meter, since x-rays have a tendency to be absorbed by metal and then re-emitted like an antenna. Although a typical scanner will produce a relatively harmless volume of x-rays, repeated scannings in a short timeframe could pose a danger.
Closed systems tend to become very heavy because lead is used to shield the x-rays. Therefore, the smaller scanners only have a small space for samples.
E.g. SkyScan-1076 or SkyScan-1078 or Scanco mCT 40 or Scanco mCT 80 scanners
Typical use
* Biomedical
* Both dead and alive (in vivo) rat and mouse scanning.
* Human skin samples, small tumors, mice bone for osteoporosis research.
See in vivo microCT scanners for scanning examples.
* Electronics
Small electronic components. E.g. DRAM IC in plastic case.
* Microdevices
E.g. spray nozzle
* Composite materials and metallic foams
E.g. composite material with glass fibers 10 to 12 micrometres in diameter
* Polymers, plastics
E.g. plastic foam
* Diamonds
E.g. detecting defects in a diamond and finding the best way to cut it.
* Food and seeds
* E.g. piece of chocolate cake, cookies
* 3-D Imaging of Foods Using X-Ray Microtomography [1]
* Wood and paper
E.g. piece of wood to visualize year periodicity and cell structure
* Building materials
E.g. concrete after loading.
* Geology
E.g. sandstone
* Microfossils
E.g. bentonic foraminifers
* Space
E.g. Locating Stardust-like particles in aerogel using x-ray techniques [2]
* Others
E.g. cigarettes
* Stereo images
Visualizing with blue and green or blue filters to see depth
Microtomography, like tomography, uses x-rays to create cross-sections of a 3D-object that later can be used to recreate a virtual model without destroying the original model. The term micro is used to indicate that the pixel sizes of the cross-sections are in the micrometer range. This also means that the machine is much smaller in design compared to the human version and is used to model smaller objects.
These scanners are typically used for small animals (in-vivo scanners), biomedical samples, foods, microfossils, and other studies for which minute detail is desired.
The first X-ray microtomography system was conceived and built by Jim Elliott in the early 1980s. The first published X-ray microtomographic images were reconstructed slices of a small tropical snail, with pixel size about 50 micrometers. (JC Elliott and SD Dover. X-ray microtomography. J. Microscopy 126, 211-213, 1982.)
In 2005, Skyscan, a company that produces scientific instruments, introduced a nano-ct scanner, introducing the concept of Nanotomography. Other companies producing such scanners include Xradia for materials and semiconductor applications and Scanco Medical AG for medical applications.
Working principle
* Imaging system
Fan beam reconstruction
The fan-beam system is based on a 1-dimensional x-ray detector and an electronic x-ray source, creating 2-dimensional cross-sections of the object. Typically used in human Computed tomography systems.
Cone beam reconstruction
The cone-beam system is based on a 2-dimensional x-ray detector (camera) and an electronic x-ray source, creating projection images that later will be used to reconstruct the image cross-sections.
* Sample holder system
The sample stays still, and the camera and electronic x-ray source rotates.
This is best used for in-vivo animal scans, and other situations where the sample should remain unmoving, but is more expensive.
E.g.SkyScan-1076 or SkyScan-1078 or Scanco VivaCT 40 scanners for sample details.
The sample rotates, and the camera and electronic x-ray source stays still.
Much cheaper to build, since moving the sample requires fewer components than moving the camera and the electronic x-ray source.
* Open/Closed systems
Open x-ray system
In an open system, x-rays may escape or leak out, thus the operator must stay behind a shield, have special protective clothing, or operate the scanner from a distance or a different room. Typical examples of these scanners are the human versions, or designed for big objects.
E.g. Scanco medical XtremeCT scanner.
Closed x-ray system
In a closed system, x-ray shielding is put around the scanner so the operator can put the scanner on his desk or special table. Although the scanner is shielded, care must be taken and the operator usually carries a dose meter, since x-rays have a tendency to be absorbed by metal and then re-emitted like an antenna. Although a typical scanner will produce a relatively harmless volume of x-rays, repeated scannings in a short timeframe could pose a danger.
Closed systems tend to become very heavy because lead is used to shield the x-rays. Therefore, the smaller scanners only have a small space for samples.
E.g. SkyScan-1076 or SkyScan-1078 or Scanco mCT 40 or Scanco mCT 80 scanners
Typical use
* Biomedical
* Both dead and alive (in vivo) rat and mouse scanning.
* Human skin samples, small tumors, mice bone for osteoporosis research.
See in vivo microCT scanners for scanning examples.
* Electronics
Small electronic components. E.g. DRAM IC in plastic case.
* Microdevices
E.g. spray nozzle
* Composite materials and metallic foams
E.g. composite material with glass fibers 10 to 12 micrometres in diameter
* Polymers, plastics
E.g. plastic foam
* Diamonds
E.g. detecting defects in a diamond and finding the best way to cut it.
* Food and seeds
* E.g. piece of chocolate cake, cookies
* 3-D Imaging of Foods Using X-Ray Microtomography [1]
* Wood and paper
E.g. piece of wood to visualize year periodicity and cell structure
* Building materials
E.g. concrete after loading.
* Geology
E.g. sandstone
* Microfossils
E.g. bentonic foraminifers
* Space
E.g. Locating Stardust-like particles in aerogel using x-ray techniques [2]
* Others
E.g. cigarettes
* Stereo images
Visualizing with blue and green or blue filters to see depth
Powered by Yahoo! Answers
Title Post: what is best apple mac or windows vista?
Rating: 100% based on 99998 ratings. 5 user reviews.
Author: Yukie
Thanks For Coming To My Blog
Rating: 100% based on 99998 ratings. 5 user reviews.
Author: Yukie
Thanks For Coming To My Blog
No comments:
Post a Comment