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3d scanner body parts image
"TORPEdo"
Some of us know that the X-ray machine needs a darkroom for the processing of the radiographs. I'm just wondering if the CT scan still needs a darkroom to produce diagnostic images and a cassette that will contain the film.
Answer
Nope!
The CT scanner contains an x-ray tube, the same as a regular x-ray room, but has detectors on the other side, rather than a film cassette. The tube and detectors spin around you (this part is called the gantry) acquiring information continuously (in a spiral) as you move through it on the table.
All the information from the detectors is gathered by the Image Capture System (called raw data) which is then reconstructed, first into a usable image, and then into any way the operator chooses - in different planes, in different slice thicknesses, in different brightness/contrasts ('windows') concentrating on different body parts (ie, bone or soft tissue or lung), or in cool 3D pictures.
These images are then sent electronically to a workstation for the radiologist to report from, and sometimes to the Internet, over a secure connection, for the referring doctor to view.
(PS Even most general x-ray rooms these days don't use film - they use an electronic plate that captures the charge of the x-ray, which is then put through a reader to load onto the computer. The plate is then (electronically) wiped clean and then reused. Some places even have direct-capture systems where the plate is eliminated all together!)
Nope!
The CT scanner contains an x-ray tube, the same as a regular x-ray room, but has detectors on the other side, rather than a film cassette. The tube and detectors spin around you (this part is called the gantry) acquiring information continuously (in a spiral) as you move through it on the table.
All the information from the detectors is gathered by the Image Capture System (called raw data) which is then reconstructed, first into a usable image, and then into any way the operator chooses - in different planes, in different slice thicknesses, in different brightness/contrasts ('windows') concentrating on different body parts (ie, bone or soft tissue or lung), or in cool 3D pictures.
These images are then sent electronically to a workstation for the radiologist to report from, and sometimes to the Internet, over a secure connection, for the referring doctor to view.
(PS Even most general x-ray rooms these days don't use film - they use an electronic plate that captures the charge of the x-ray, which is then put through a reader to load onto the computer. The plate is then (electronically) wiped clean and then reused. Some places even have direct-capture systems where the plate is eliminated all together!)
How are 2D cartoons animated today?
Captain Ca
I understand how 3D images are made, they generate models and send them through animations. However, how do they do 2D cartoons? I asume they don't draw each individual frame anymore. But, backgrounds that don't move do appear to be hand-drawn in some shows. How do 2D cartoons go through animations?
Answer
Depending on the budget, deadlines, technology, experience and preference that 2D animations are made one way or another.
Small budgeted shows, destined for the weekly TV slots are mostly done on Flash these days. Characters are created from simple shapes with movable body parts (mouths, hands etc.) are pasted onto individual layers and animated individually or in concert with the other parts.
The good thing about Flash is that you can position key drawings (important, story-telling character poses of say, a hand) out and the computer will fill in the in-between drawings (all the other drawings between the key drawings to smooth out the movements) automatically. So you can position the hand at one location (a key), and then program the computer to move it to another location (another key) and it will fill in all the in-between drawings by itself (timing is done by the animator). Computers are only good at moving objects around perfectly and stretching/squashing them according to preset rules so you are limited to certain expressions. Of course, complex scenes still need to be animated by hand, but to keep the cost and the time consumed down, animators don't get to do them frequently, if at all.
You can recognize these shows by the extremely smooth movements exhibited by the characters, as well as the bold and uniformed outlines and colors throughout. Backgrounds can be painted by hand, either digitally or on papers( and then scanned into the computer), or created from bodies of static shapes and colors.
Bigger, movie-length animated films use specialized softwares, either developed in-house, or bought commercially like the Toon Boom Animation program. These, however, are almost completely hand-drawn (characters-wise), since you can only create good character animation when you have a feel of the lines and forms of the characters, a thing that is quite difficult to program on a computer.
Some studios use papers and scanners, some use graphic tablets like the Wacoms to imput drawings into their computers. Some parts of a character can be animated while others are put on a different layer and remain static.
You can recognize these films by the slight jittery outlines of the character when he/she/it moves, since each line was drawn to match up with the previous drawings', though never perfectly so, no matter how hard the animators tried. The backgrounds are usually painted by hand (either digitally or manually on papers), or in 3D models that mimic a particular style or both.
Having said all that, yes, most animated shows are still drawn by hand. Some are done on papers and scanners, some are done on computers with Wacom tablets, some combine both in the production process. 2D animation is a craft, and unless computers can draw imaginatively, animators will still have their jobs, drawing them lovingly frame by frame. I hope that helped.
Depending on the budget, deadlines, technology, experience and preference that 2D animations are made one way or another.
Small budgeted shows, destined for the weekly TV slots are mostly done on Flash these days. Characters are created from simple shapes with movable body parts (mouths, hands etc.) are pasted onto individual layers and animated individually or in concert with the other parts.
The good thing about Flash is that you can position key drawings (important, story-telling character poses of say, a hand) out and the computer will fill in the in-between drawings (all the other drawings between the key drawings to smooth out the movements) automatically. So you can position the hand at one location (a key), and then program the computer to move it to another location (another key) and it will fill in all the in-between drawings by itself (timing is done by the animator). Computers are only good at moving objects around perfectly and stretching/squashing them according to preset rules so you are limited to certain expressions. Of course, complex scenes still need to be animated by hand, but to keep the cost and the time consumed down, animators don't get to do them frequently, if at all.
You can recognize these shows by the extremely smooth movements exhibited by the characters, as well as the bold and uniformed outlines and colors throughout. Backgrounds can be painted by hand, either digitally or on papers( and then scanned into the computer), or created from bodies of static shapes and colors.
Bigger, movie-length animated films use specialized softwares, either developed in-house, or bought commercially like the Toon Boom Animation program. These, however, are almost completely hand-drawn (characters-wise), since you can only create good character animation when you have a feel of the lines and forms of the characters, a thing that is quite difficult to program on a computer.
Some studios use papers and scanners, some use graphic tablets like the Wacoms to imput drawings into their computers. Some parts of a character can be animated while others are put on a different layer and remain static.
You can recognize these films by the slight jittery outlines of the character when he/she/it moves, since each line was drawn to match up with the previous drawings', though never perfectly so, no matter how hard the animators tried. The backgrounds are usually painted by hand (either digitally or manually on papers), or in 3D models that mimic a particular style or both.
Having said all that, yes, most animated shows are still drawn by hand. Some are done on papers and scanners, some are done on computers with Wacom tablets, some combine both in the production process. 2D animation is a craft, and unless computers can draw imaginatively, animators will still have their jobs, drawing them lovingly frame by frame. I hope that helped.
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Title Post: Does the CT Scan need a darkroom and cassette to produce radiographs?
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Author: Yukie
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Rating: 100% based on 99998 ratings. 5 user reviews.
Author: Yukie
Thanks For Coming To My Blog
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