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I'm new to this, but does anyone know what medium I would use to make a mold from a stone. In other words, There is an old building with a beautiful design sculpted in to it. I want to copy this design. I know there is a material out there that I can press against the original design and make a mold of it and then cast the design in plaster. I just don't know what material I would use to do this without hurting the stone.... Help!!!
Answer
I think the sculpey or any clay will work. If you use normal clay, any residue left will dissolve in the next rain, just don't use brown clay on light stone... if you use water based clay you would have to cast your plaster into the mold while the clay is still wet.
As the clay won't be very stable just on its own, you should consider making a mother mold on top of that. That is a hard shell, which just gives support to the soft part of your mold so it doesn't deform. It depends on the size of what you want to copy if you need it. You could make the mothermold from plaster bandages, but don't put plaster directly on the stone.
Before you start, consider carefully the shape of what you want to copy and where undercuts are and where you have to put in parting lines. What technique you use for mold making really depends on the exact shape of what you want to copy. If the structure is something complicated, you may want to practice how to make molds from more simple structures first so you are aware what causes problems and get some experience in how to solve them.
Another completely contact free method is if you happen to be at a university where they have a 3D laser scanning camera you can borrow, you could use the 3D laser scanner then make a model of your structure in the computer from the scans. That you could print out using a 3D printer. that way you can scale the model to any size (though anything large will be expensive to print)
I think the sculpey or any clay will work. If you use normal clay, any residue left will dissolve in the next rain, just don't use brown clay on light stone... if you use water based clay you would have to cast your plaster into the mold while the clay is still wet.
As the clay won't be very stable just on its own, you should consider making a mother mold on top of that. That is a hard shell, which just gives support to the soft part of your mold so it doesn't deform. It depends on the size of what you want to copy if you need it. You could make the mothermold from plaster bandages, but don't put plaster directly on the stone.
Before you start, consider carefully the shape of what you want to copy and where undercuts are and where you have to put in parting lines. What technique you use for mold making really depends on the exact shape of what you want to copy. If the structure is something complicated, you may want to practice how to make molds from more simple structures first so you are aware what causes problems and get some experience in how to solve them.
Another completely contact free method is if you happen to be at a university where they have a 3D laser scanning camera you can borrow, you could use the 3D laser scanner then make a model of your structure in the computer from the scans. That you could print out using a 3D printer. that way you can scale the model to any size (though anything large will be expensive to print)
tell me the difference :)?
I AM VIETN
Between normal X-ray technology and Computed Tomography used in hospital , especially about Computer Function of CT
thanks
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Small suggestion :)
Are you having blog , could you invite me as your friend :)
Answer
Standard x-rays are simple images similar to photographs taken in the X-ray spectrum of light.
Computed tomography (CT), originally known as computed axial tomography (CAT or CT scan) and body section roentgenography, is a medical imaging method employing tomography where digital geometry processing is used to generate a three-dimensional image of the internals of an object from a large series of two-dimensional X-ray images taken around a single axis of rotation. The word "tomography" is derived from the Greek tomos (slice) and graphia (to write). CT produces a volume of data which can be manipulated, through a process known as windowing, in order to demonstrate various structures based on their ability to block the X-ray beam. Although historically the images generated were in the axial or transverse plane (orthogonal to the long axis of the body), modern scanners allow this volume of data to be reformatted in various planes or even as volumetric (3D) representations of structures.
Although most common in healthcare, CT is also used in other fields, for example nondestructive materials testing.
Advantages Over Projection Radiography
First, CT completely eliminates the superimposition of images of structures outside the area of interest. Second, because of the inherent high-contrast resolution of CT, differences between tissues that differ in physical density by less than 1% can be distinguished. Third, data from a single CT imaging procedure consisting of either multiple contiguous or one helical scan can be viewed as images in the axial, coronal, or sagittal planes, depending on the diagnostic task. This is referred to as multiplanar reformatted imaging.
Regarding your question about the computing portion, X-ray slice data is generated using an X-ray source that rotates around the object; X-ray sensors are positioned on the opposite side of the circle from the X-ray source. Many data scans are progressively taken as the object is gradually passed through the gantry. They are combined together by the mathematical procedure known as tomographic reconstruction.
Newer machines with faster computer systems and newer software strategies can process not only individual cross sections but continuously changing cross sections as the gantry, with the object to be imaged, is slowly and smoothly slid through the X-ray circle. These are called helical or spiral CT machines. Their computer systems integrate the data of the moving individual slices to generate three dimensional volumetric information (3D-CT scan), in turn viewable from multiple different perspectives on attached CT workstation monitors.
CT scanner with cover removed to show the principle of operation
CT scanner with cover removed to show the principle of operation
In conventional CT machines, an X-ray tube and detector are physically rotated behind a circular shroud (see the image above right); in the electron beam tomography (EBT) the tube is far larger and higher power to support the high temporal resolution. The electron beam is deflected in a hollow funnel shaped vacuum chamber. X-rays are generated when the beam hits the stationary target. The detector is also stationary.
The data stream representing the varying radiographic intensity sensed reaching the detectors on the opposite side of the circle during each sweep is then computer processed to calculate cross-sectional estimations of the radiographic density, expressed in Hounsfield units. Sweeps cover 360 or just over 180 degrees in conventional machines, 220 degrees in EBT.
CT is used in medicine as a diagnostic tool and as a guide for interventional procedures. Sometimes contrast materials such as intravenous iodinated contrast are used. This is useful to highlight structures such as blood vessels that otherwise would be difficult to delineate from their surroundings. Using contrast material can also help to obtain functional information about tissues.
Pixels in an image obtained by CT scanning are displayed in terms of relative radiodensity. The pixel itself is displayed according to the mean attenuation of the tissue(s) that it corresponds to on a scale from -1024 to +3071 on the Hounsfield scale. Pixel is a two dimensional unit based on the matrix size and the field of view. When the CT slice thickness is also factored in, the unit is known as a Voxel, which is a three dimensional unit. The phenomenon that one part of the detector cannot differ between different tissues is called the Partial Volume Effect. That means that a big amount of cartilage and a thin layer of compact bone can cause the same attenuation in a voxel as hyperdense cartilage alone. Water has an attenuation of 0 Hounsfield units (HU) while air is -1000 HU, cancellous bone is typically +400 HU, cranial bone can reach 2000 HU or more (os temporale) and can cause artefacts. The attenuation of metallic implants depends on atomic number of the element used: Titanium usually has an amount of +1000 HU, iron steel can completely extinguish the X-ray and is therefore responsible for well-known line-artifacts in computed tomogrammes.
Standard x-rays are simple images similar to photographs taken in the X-ray spectrum of light.
Computed tomography (CT), originally known as computed axial tomography (CAT or CT scan) and body section roentgenography, is a medical imaging method employing tomography where digital geometry processing is used to generate a three-dimensional image of the internals of an object from a large series of two-dimensional X-ray images taken around a single axis of rotation. The word "tomography" is derived from the Greek tomos (slice) and graphia (to write). CT produces a volume of data which can be manipulated, through a process known as windowing, in order to demonstrate various structures based on their ability to block the X-ray beam. Although historically the images generated were in the axial or transverse plane (orthogonal to the long axis of the body), modern scanners allow this volume of data to be reformatted in various planes or even as volumetric (3D) representations of structures.
Although most common in healthcare, CT is also used in other fields, for example nondestructive materials testing.
Advantages Over Projection Radiography
First, CT completely eliminates the superimposition of images of structures outside the area of interest. Second, because of the inherent high-contrast resolution of CT, differences between tissues that differ in physical density by less than 1% can be distinguished. Third, data from a single CT imaging procedure consisting of either multiple contiguous or one helical scan can be viewed as images in the axial, coronal, or sagittal planes, depending on the diagnostic task. This is referred to as multiplanar reformatted imaging.
Regarding your question about the computing portion, X-ray slice data is generated using an X-ray source that rotates around the object; X-ray sensors are positioned on the opposite side of the circle from the X-ray source. Many data scans are progressively taken as the object is gradually passed through the gantry. They are combined together by the mathematical procedure known as tomographic reconstruction.
Newer machines with faster computer systems and newer software strategies can process not only individual cross sections but continuously changing cross sections as the gantry, with the object to be imaged, is slowly and smoothly slid through the X-ray circle. These are called helical or spiral CT machines. Their computer systems integrate the data of the moving individual slices to generate three dimensional volumetric information (3D-CT scan), in turn viewable from multiple different perspectives on attached CT workstation monitors.
CT scanner with cover removed to show the principle of operation
CT scanner with cover removed to show the principle of operation
In conventional CT machines, an X-ray tube and detector are physically rotated behind a circular shroud (see the image above right); in the electron beam tomography (EBT) the tube is far larger and higher power to support the high temporal resolution. The electron beam is deflected in a hollow funnel shaped vacuum chamber. X-rays are generated when the beam hits the stationary target. The detector is also stationary.
The data stream representing the varying radiographic intensity sensed reaching the detectors on the opposite side of the circle during each sweep is then computer processed to calculate cross-sectional estimations of the radiographic density, expressed in Hounsfield units. Sweeps cover 360 or just over 180 degrees in conventional machines, 220 degrees in EBT.
CT is used in medicine as a diagnostic tool and as a guide for interventional procedures. Sometimes contrast materials such as intravenous iodinated contrast are used. This is useful to highlight structures such as blood vessels that otherwise would be difficult to delineate from their surroundings. Using contrast material can also help to obtain functional information about tissues.
Pixels in an image obtained by CT scanning are displayed in terms of relative radiodensity. The pixel itself is displayed according to the mean attenuation of the tissue(s) that it corresponds to on a scale from -1024 to +3071 on the Hounsfield scale. Pixel is a two dimensional unit based on the matrix size and the field of view. When the CT slice thickness is also factored in, the unit is known as a Voxel, which is a three dimensional unit. The phenomenon that one part of the detector cannot differ between different tissues is called the Partial Volume Effect. That means that a big amount of cartilage and a thin layer of compact bone can cause the same attenuation in a voxel as hyperdense cartilage alone. Water has an attenuation of 0 Hounsfield units (HU) while air is -1000 HU, cancellous bone is typically +400 HU, cranial bone can reach 2000 HU or more (os temporale) and can cause artefacts. The attenuation of metallic implants depends on atomic number of the element used: Titanium usually has an amount of +1000 HU, iron steel can completely extinguish the X-ray and is therefore responsible for well-known line-artifacts in computed tomogrammes.
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Title Post: What can I use to cast a mold from stone without hurting the stone?
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Author: Yukie
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Rating: 100% based on 99998 ratings. 5 user reviews.
Author: Yukie
Thanks For Coming To My Blog
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